Chapter 2 Key Terms APUSH

Act of Religious Toleration

A law enacted in Maryland in 1649 declaring that all Christian denominators have a right to practice their faith

Bacon’s Rebellion

An uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon and his followers were upset by the Virginia Governor’s unwillingness to send troops to intervene in conflicts between settlers and Native Americans and lack of representation in the House of Burgesses

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Colombus’s voyages

Conquistadors

Early sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who explored Mexico, Central America, and Peru

Covenant Chain

Alliance formed between the English and the Iroquois nations. Maintained a good alliance and a fur trade between colonists and Iroquois

Encomienda System

System in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills

Headright System

Employed in the Tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servitude, the system allowed an induvial to acquire fifty acres of land if he paid for a laborer’s passage to the colony

House of Burgesses

First elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legislative acts

Indentured Servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a set number of years

Mayflower Compact

The first agreement for self government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony

Metacom’s War

First large scale conflict between colonist and Native Americans, waged in Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, and Connecticut

Pequot War

Conflict between English settlers and Pequot Indians over control of land and trade in Eastern Connecticut

Pilgrims

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Puritan Migration

Many Puritans migrated from England to America in the 1630s and 1640s. During this time, the population of the Massachusetts Bay colony grew to ten times its earlier population

Slave Code

Laws passed in the Southern states that controlled and restricted enslaved people due to fears of rebellion. Defined slavery as a distinct status based on racial identity

Subsistence Farmer

Farmer who produces enough harvest to supply personal needs but has little or no surplus

Nathaniel Bacon

Twenty-nine-year old planter who led a 1676 rebellion of frontiersmen (wretched bachelors) against Berkely’s friendly relations with Indians; in Virginia

Sir William Berkely

The royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large planters and neglected the needs of settlers in the ‘backcountry’. His shortcomings led to rebellion

Francis Drake

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

Opechancanough

Chief of native confederacy after brother Powhatan died, led efforts to defend Indian lands from Europeans, 1644 led unsuccessful uprising -last time Powhatans challenged eastern regions of colony

Lord Balitmore

He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who became the first Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religous beliefs

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority

Metacom

Aka King Philip, Native American Ruler, who in 1675 led an attack on colonial villages throughout Massachusetts