History Chapter 7 Israel

National Road

road built by the federal government in the early 1800s that extended from Maryland to Illinois

Erie Canal

canal completed in 1825 that connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River

Industrial Revolution

shift from manual labor to mechanized work that began in Great Britain during the 1700s and spread to the United States around 1800

Eli Whitney

introduced interchangeable parts

Samuel Slater

defied the British law and moved to the United States

Tariff of 1816

protective tariff established by Congress to encourage Americans to buy goods made in the United States

labor union

organization of workers

Cotton Gin

machine invented in 1793 to separate the cotton fiber from its hard shell

Nativists

person who favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants

Nationalism

loyalty and devotion to one's nation

Henry Clay

was one of the leading advocates of the new economic nationalism

Monroe Doctrine

foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere

Missiori Compromise

1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and banning slavery in the Louisiana purchase territory of the 36°30'N latitude

John Quincy Adams

James Monroe's secretary of state and the son of former President John Adams

Andrew Jackson

of Tennessee and Henry Clay of Kentucky provided greater competition for Adams

Martin Van Buren

who worked behind the senes to build support for Jackson

Spoils System

practice of the political party in power giving jobs and appointments to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications

Trail of Tears

forced march of the Cherokee Indians to move west of the Mississippi in the 1830s

Indians Removal Act

act passed by congress in 1830 that allowed federal government to negotiate land trades with Indians in the southeast

Jacksonian Democracy

Andrew Jackson and his followers' political philosophy concerned with the interests of the common people and limiting the role of the federal government

Whig

member of the nationalist political party formed in 1832 in opposition to the Democrats

Nullification

concept in which states could nullify, or void, any federal law they deemed unconstitutional

John C. Calhoun

of south Carolina violently opposed the tariff