Topics 8.6 & 8.7 Fascism, Totalitarianism, Interwar Europe
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Benito Mussolini
Fascist Italian Dictator who used fear, caused by instability, to rise to power and appealed to Italian businessmen with promises of stability.
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Black Shirts
Squads of armed fascist supporters of Mussolini who violently attacked labor organizations to secure Mussolini's power.
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Adolf Hitler
Austrian born Fascist Dictator of Germany, caused WWII and The Holocaust.
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Nazi Party
Fascist party of Adolph Hitler that ruled Germany between 1933 to 1945
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cult of personality
arises when an individual uses mass media, propaganda, or other methods to create an idealized, heroic, and at times worshipful image of themselves, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.
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Joseph Goebbels
Minister of propaganda in Nazi Germany who was skilled at using film as a tool to appeal to the masses.
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Leni Riefenstahl
A director of the nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will
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Francisco Franco
Turned Spain into Fascist dictatorship after beginning a Civil War in the newly formed Spanish Republic.
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Spanish Civil War
A very violent conflict from 1936 to 1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain. Often seen as preview of horrors of WWII.
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
The full formal name for the Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Soviet Union
The shortened name for the Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Joseph Stalin
Soviet Union leader who created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition and brutally imposed his version of communism on them.
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Five Year Plan(s)
Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state.
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kulaks
Wealthy farmers in the Soviet Union who opposed Stalin's plans and were "liquidated" as a result.
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collectivization
the forced elimination of private ownership of farms under Stalin in the Soviet Union.
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Gulag
forced labor camps where Stalin sent his political enemies.
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appeasement
The British policy of making concessions during the 1930s to Hitler in the hopes of avoiding war. Most notably, giving up part of Czechoslovakia to Germany.
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Ethiopia
Independent East African nation that was invaded by Mussolini's Italy in 1935.
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Rhineland
a German territory west of the Rhine River along the French border that was supposed to be a non-militarized zone as laid out in the Treaty of Versailles.
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annexation
the formal act of acquiring a territory by conquest or occupation as Germany did with Austria and Czechoslovakia in the years leading up to WWII.
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Munich Agreement
Arrangement between Germany and Great Britain in which Hitler is given the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) in return for agreeing not to take any more territory. (spoiler alert! He took more territory anyway).
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Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other
(Spoiler Alert! The Germans went back on this in 1941)
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Fascism
A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism, hyper-Capitalism where supporters are rewarded, and no tolerance of opposition
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Mein Kampf
"My Struggle" Influential book Written by Adolf Hitler describing his life and racist ideology.
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