Module 1 World History Exam Review

What was the strongest, most important region of the world in the early-modern period?

Indian Ocean: Central hub for global trade

Is the Ottoman Empire Land or Ocean based?

Land

Are all Muslim-Islamic empires land or ocean based?

Land

What disease started in Asia and spread through land based trade?

The Plague

What diseases did Europeans bring with them to the new world? Who did it affect mostly?

Smallpox; Native Americans

What did the mandate of heaven begin under?

Zhou Dynasty

What is the Mandate Of Heaven?

A Doctorine that gives chinese emporers their power. Losing the MOH loses their right to rule

Was meritocracy or military skill more important?

Military skill

what is neo-Confucianism?

Alters ideas to fit with the world

Who is Zheng He?

A Chinese explorer, expidenturer that was funded by Yongul

What was Zheng He’s purpose of expeditions?

To promote power and culture

What is the Fate of the Chinese Navy?

After Zheng and Yongul, the chinese navy is dissolved. Emporers and dynasty focus on materials(Great Wall of China)

Which empire considered itself the “Defender of Islam”?

Ottoman Empire

What date was the fall of Constantinople?

1453

Describe Suni Muslims Religion

Peaceful, did not like Christianity/jews

What was the Ottoman Empires furthest excursion in Europe?

All the way up to Germany and control part of Western Europe

What are Janissaries?

Elite slave soldiers who are Christians and protect the Ottoman Empire

What religion is Safavid?

Shia Muslims- militant in nation, no tolerance for other religions

What is Safavid’s lasting contribution to the world?

Culture

Who is Babar?

The Founder of the Mughal Empire

What is Baburnama?

First autobiography ever written

What are the Mughal’s demographics?

Hindu(muslim) majority controlled by Islamic minority

Who is Aurangzeb?

Akbar’s grandson who reinstates Jizya and went back to heavy religious laws.

Define Syncretism

Religious concept that Akbar comes up with which combines different religions to create something new

Define Jizya

A religious tax for non muslims

Who is Akbar?

Barbar’s grandson, combination of religion that values all religions because it would better the empire

What is the Hall of Worship?

Religious scholars can come of any religion, created by Akbar, leaders can come discuss and meet

What are “Gunpowder Empires'“?

a group of large empires which rose during the early modern period by heavily utilizing gunpowder based weaponary, like cannons and firearms

how did the islamic empire get gunpowder?

Through trade with China

Why are some historians uncomfortable about the use of gunpowder?

They believe it devalues their culture and religion

What is a Reconquista?

Spanish Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula to reclaim land from muslim rulers

What is Granada?

Last big battle, the last Muslim stronghold is pushed out of the peninsula

What was the maritime revolution?

a period, primarily during the 15th century, where significant advancements in shipbuilding, navigation technology, and sailing techniques allowed European powers to explore vast new areas

What was the Caravel?

a small, fast, and maneuverable sailing ship primarily used by the Portuguese and Spanish

What are Lateen sails?

Triangular sails

Why was Christopher Columbus not seen as valuable after his expidition?

Brutal treatment of Indigenous populations

Why did Europe end up in the Americas?

Populations were growing and Europe had to find new land to expand in

What came from the new world to the old world during The Columbian Exchange?

Tobacco, Potatoes, Chocolate

What came from the old world to the new world during The Columbian Exchange?

Rice, horses, sugar

What is the Great Dying?

smallpox kills off 90% Native Americans only 10% survive

Things to know about sugar during the Columbia Exchange.

High intensity product, you need a large labor force

How were Native Americans effected during European slavery in the Americas?

Catching disease, don’t interact well to the environment

How did Africans react to European slavery in The Americas?

The environment of Africa is similar enough, so it makes it easier to adapt

What was the middle passage?

Forced transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

What is triangle trade?

a three-part trade route that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The trade involved the exchange of manufactured goods, raw materials, and enslaved people

How was the Trans-Atlantic slave trade different from slave systems before it?

Before African slavery, slaves had status, and opportunity to escape, women were the preffered slave —→ switched to men, western africa, hereditary

Were Europeans in complete control of slave trade?

No, early on it was conducted with regional leaders and sold to Europeans.