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What was the strongest, most important region of the world in the early-modern period?
Indian Ocean: Central hub for global trade
Is the Ottoman Empire Land or Ocean based?
Land
Are all Muslim-Islamic empires land or ocean based?
Land
What disease started in Asia and spread through land based trade?
The Plague
What diseases did Europeans bring with them to the new world? Who did it affect mostly?
Smallpox; Native Americans
What did the mandate of heaven begin under?
Zhou Dynasty
What is the Mandate Of Heaven?
A Doctorine that gives chinese emporers their power. Losing the MOH loses their right to rule
Was meritocracy or military skill more important?
Military skill
what is neo-Confucianism?
Alters ideas to fit with the world
Who is Zheng He?
A Chinese explorer, expidenturer that was funded by Yongul
What was Zheng He’s purpose of expeditions?
To promote power and culture
What is the Fate of the Chinese Navy?
After Zheng and Yongul, the chinese navy is dissolved. Emporers and dynasty focus on materials(Great Wall of China)
Which empire considered itself the “Defender of Islam”?
Ottoman Empire
What date was the fall of Constantinople?
1453
Describe Suni Muslims Religion
Peaceful, did not like Christianity/jews
What was the Ottoman Empires furthest excursion in Europe?
All the way up to Germany and control part of Western Europe
What are Janissaries?
Elite slave soldiers who are Christians and protect the Ottoman Empire
What religion is Safavid?
Shia Muslims- militant in nation, no tolerance for other religions
What is Safavid’s lasting contribution to the world?
Culture
Who is Babar?
The Founder of the Mughal Empire
What is Baburnama?
First autobiography ever written
What are the Mughal’s demographics?
Hindu(muslim) majority controlled by Islamic minority
Who is Aurangzeb?
Akbar’s grandson who reinstates Jizya and went back to heavy religious laws.
Define Syncretism
Religious concept that Akbar comes up with which combines different religions to create something new
Define Jizya
A religious tax for non muslims
Who is Akbar?
Barbar’s grandson, combination of religion that values all religions because it would better the empire
What is the Hall of Worship?
Religious scholars can come of any religion, created by Akbar, leaders can come discuss and meet
What are “Gunpowder Empires'“?
a group of large empires which rose during the early modern period by heavily utilizing gunpowder based weaponary, like cannons and firearms
how did the islamic empire get gunpowder?
Through trade with China
Why are some historians uncomfortable about the use of gunpowder?
They believe it devalues their culture and religion
What is a Reconquista?
Spanish Kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula to reclaim land from muslim rulers
What is Granada?
Last big battle, the last Muslim stronghold is pushed out of the peninsula
What was the maritime revolution?
a period, primarily during the 15th century, where significant advancements in shipbuilding, navigation technology, and sailing techniques allowed European powers to explore vast new areas
What was the Caravel?
a small, fast, and maneuverable sailing ship primarily used by the Portuguese and Spanish
What are Lateen sails?
Triangular sails
Why was Christopher Columbus not seen as valuable after his expidition?
Brutal treatment of Indigenous populations
Why did Europe end up in the Americas?
Populations were growing and Europe had to find new land to expand in
What came from the new world to the old world during The Columbian Exchange?
Tobacco, Potatoes, Chocolate
What came from the old world to the new world during The Columbian Exchange?
Rice, horses, sugar
What is the Great Dying?
smallpox kills off 90% Native Americans only 10% survive
Things to know about sugar during the Columbia Exchange.
High intensity product, you need a large labor force
How were Native Americans effected during European slavery in the Americas?
Catching disease, don’t interact well to the environment
How did Africans react to European slavery in The Americas?
The environment of Africa is similar enough, so it makes it easier to adapt
What was the middle passage?
Forced transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
What is triangle trade?
a three-part trade route that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The trade involved the exchange of manufactured goods, raw materials, and enslaved people
How was the Trans-Atlantic slave trade different from slave systems before it?
Before African slavery, slaves had status, and opportunity to escape, women were the preffered slave —→ switched to men, western africa, hereditary
Were Europeans in complete control of slave trade?
No, early on it was conducted with regional leaders and sold to Europeans.
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