Theology II Midterm Study Guide

Inerrant

Scripture without error; When it comes to saving truths God intended to communicate to us through each book.

Saint

A person acknowledged as holy or virtuous and typically regarded as being in heaven after death.

Canonization

To formally recognize someone as a saint

Inspiration:

Greek, to breathe into

\-The Holy Spirit inspired humans to write everything God wanted to relay about his plan for salvation history because of his love for us.

Content and unity

The Old and New Testament's must be read as one collection of stories to grasp the full meaning of Scripture.

Salvation History:

The Old and New testament tell the story of Salvation history of God (throughout history). "God expends not only a universe but his very universe so that man... may be saved"

Bible/Scripture:

The written record of God's revelation of Himself contained in the Old and New Testaments. It was composed by human authors inspired by the Holy Spirit.

\-Half of the 'Deposit of Faith'

\-It is Revelation expressed in human words

\-God's love story

Liturgical Seasons

The seasons in liturgical western Christianity are Advent, Christmas, Ordinary Time, Lent, Easter, and Ordinary Time (Time after Pentecost).

Tradition

‘Tradere', Latin meaning 'to hand down/pass on'-Half of the 'Deposit of Faith'

\-Everything is handed down orally

\-The Holy Spirit's way of deepening the Church's knowledge of what is revealed.

\-Ex. Moral Teaching, Liturgy, Mary Dogma's, Priesthood.

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Number of Books in the Bible

73

Magisterium

The teaching authority of the Roman Catholic Church Made up of popes and bishops; is given authority from Christ to teach the truth about faith and morals.

Adam

The First man

Eve

The First woman

Creation

1. Light from Dark
2. Sky from sea
3. Land from Sea
4. Sun, Moon, Stars
5. Birds and Fish
6. Man and Animals
7. God took a rest

Free will

A person’s ability to choose and act based upon knowledge and understanding

Eden

The garden where according to the account in Genesis Adam and Eve first lived

Image and likeness

Humans are created to know and love God for the sake of their own happiness.

*Laudato Si*

The encyclical letter Laudato Si (“Praised Be”) by Pope Francis is the most comprehensive Vatican document to date on environmentalism, ethics, and Christian faith.

Intellect

One of the rational faculties of the human soul; a person's ability to use reason in pursuit of truth

Original Solitude

The first man finds that he is made differently from all other life, and cannot have a relationship with them. He discovers that himself and the first woman are free to love each other

Original Nakedness

Before sin entered the world, the first humans were able to view one another as persons with no temptation to objectify the other. Their naked bodies were an invitation to love them as a person. They were able to see one another as God saw them.

Original Unity

When man and woman come together in marriage, they reflect the Trinity itself: a communion of persons (self-giving love that unites individual persons in a family).

Rational Faculties

Another name for the human soul’s powers of intellect and free will are the rational faculties.

Original Holiness

The state of friendship with God enjoyed by Adam and Eve before their sin brought pain, suffering, and death into the world

Soul

That which animates or gives life to a body

Original Sin

The first sin of man which pervades us all, brought about when Adam and eve ate from the tree of knowledge

The Story of the Fall: 

* In the beginning, God created the world and all living creatures, including two humans named Adam and Eve.
* God placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden and gave them one rule to follow: do not eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
* A talking serpent convinced Eve to eat from the tree and she convinced Adam to do the same.
* When God discovered that Adam and Eve had disobeyed Him, He punished them.
* Adam and Eve were forced to leave the Garden of Eden and work for their food.
* The serpent was punished for its role in the disobedience.
* Adam and Eve's actions, known as the "fall," introduced sin and death into the world.

Original Justice

The original state of human beings before sin. In the beginning there was no suffering or death, man was at peace with himself, there was harmony between men and women, and there was peace between Adam and Eve and all of creation

Serpent

The devil in disguise, tempted Adam and Eve into eating from the tree of knowledge. It was punished as such, being forced to “crawl upon its belly and eat dirt”. 

First sin

The serpent convinced Eve to eat from the tree and she convinced Adam to do the same.

Tree of Good and Evil

The tree of which the forbidden fruit was borne. 

Preternatural Gifts

God gave the first humans two particular gifts that made them more than natural beings, Original Holiness and Original Justice. 

Satan

A fallen angel, brought about sin into the world by taking the form of the serpent,

Genesis

The first book of the Bible, which describes God's creation of the world and humanity, and the drama of sin and the hope for salvation

Vocation

A call from God to a permanent state of life: ordained priesthood, consecrated religious life, or marriage

Concupiscence

A strong desire, a tendency or attraction, usually arising from lust or sensual desire

Fallen State

The state in which humanity lives without the gifts given to the original man and woman, these gifts are lost when the first humans sin, and our human experience of sexuality is disturbed as well. 

Stewardship

One who has been given the duty to care for and cultivate something responsibly

Complementary

Combining in such a way as to enhance or complete one another

Redemption

Redemption refers ultimately to the saving work of Christ, who came to accomplish our redemption by giving his life

Baptism

The religious rite of sprinkling water onto a person's forehead or of immersion in water, symbolizing purification or regeneration and admission to the Christian Church.

Noah

Genesis 5, A man whom God found favorable, and allowed to survive the great flood. In doing so, he acted as the first family with a covenant sign of the rainbow. 

Typology-

A person or thing in the Old Testament that foreshadows a person or thing in the New Testament.

 *Protoevangelium*

Latin for first Gospel; man's ultimate triumph over sin through the coming Savior of Christ. used as the first anticipation of the gospel.

Mt. Sinai

The mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God

Abraham

Genesis 22, An old man who wished to have a son but couldn’t due to his and his wife's age. God allowed him to have a child, after he had a child with his servant. He was then asked to sacrifice his son, Isaac. His sign of the covenant is circumcision, and acted as the first tribe. 

Tower of Babel

Genesis 11, an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages. According to the story, a united human race speaks a single language. They tried to climb to the heavens, as such God struck them down and scrambled their languages.

New Adam

A title for Jesus, reflects his triumph over sin, death and his creation of the world anew. It refers to how Jesus redeems humanity in the manner Adam failed it

Messiah

Hebrew for anointed one

Moses

Aimed to deliver the Israelites to the promised land. Originally found by the pharaoh's daughter, and raised to be royalty in Egypt. He killed an Egyptian and ran from Egypt, where he married Zipporah. His sign of the covenant is the Law/Passover, and he formed the first nation. 

The Flood

A type of baptism, God sent the flood to wipe the world of sin. Afterwards, he promised to never flood the world again. 

New Eve

A Title for Mary, describes how eternal life is born from her obedience to god. Eve brought sin and death, Mary brought about the tool for our redemption in christ.

Israel

The northern kingdom after David’s split, A land said by God to be “his own possessions among all peoples of the world. Becoming a kingdom of priests, a holy nation”.

David

The greatest king of Israel, built a temple to honor God, known as the shepherd and the king. His sign of the covenant is the temple, which created the first kingdom. 

Mt. Moriah

Where the binding of Isaac by Abraham is said to have taken place

10 Commandments, First three about God

One through Four about human relationships

1. You shall have no other Gods before me.
2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven images.
3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.
4. Remember the Sabbath day and keep it Holy.
5. Honor your father and mother.
6. Thou shalt not kill.
7. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
8. Thou shalt not steal.
9. Thou shall not bear false witness.
10. You shall not covet.

Mary

The mother of Jesus

Covenant

Sacred permanent bonds of kinship/family relationship; God responds to sin destroying the unity of the human race through covenants.

Promised Land

The destination of the Israelites post-exodus

Passover

The final plague God sent upon Egypt to free the Israelites

Jacob

According to the biblical account, he was the second-born of Isaac's children, the elder being Jacob's fraternal twin brother, Esau.

Cain

A farmer, became enraged when the Lord accepted the offering of his brother, a shepherd, in preference to his own. He murdered Abel and was banished by the Lord from the settled country.

Ishmael

The first son of Abraham, born to Hagar. Cast aside by Abraham and Sarah

Zipporah

The wife of Moses

Abel

The older sibling to Cain who was murdered by him, God showed him favor over Cain.

Isaac

He was the son of Abraham and Sarah, the father of Jacob and Esau, was almost sacrificed by his father. 

Midian

Moses fled from Pharaoh and went to live here

Happy Fault (Felix Culpa)

In the Catholic tradition, the phrase is most often translated "happy fault", as in the Catholic Exsultet- a lengthy sung proclamation delivered before the paschal candle, ideally by a deacon, during the Easter Vigil in the Roman Rite of Mass.

Sarai

Means princess, The wife of Abraham. 

YHWH

The Hebrew name revealed to Moses in the book of Exodus.

Chosen People

The Israelites

Crossing of Red Sea

It tells of the escape of the Israelites, led by Moses, from the pursuing Egyptians. Moses holds out his staff and God parts the waters of the Red Sea.

Temple

The temple was a sacred place to the ancient Israelites

Relationship between Old and New Testament

The Old and New Testament's must be read as one collection of stories to grasp the full meaning of Scripture.

**Mediator:** Adam and Eve

Sign: Marriage/Sabbath, Progression: Couple

Mediator: Noah

Sign: Rainbow, Progression: Family

Mediator: Abraham

Sign: Circumcision, Progression: Tribe

Mediator: Moses

Sign: Law/Passover, Progression: Nation

Mediator: David

Sign: Temple, Progression: Kingdom

Mediator: Jesus

Sign: Eucharist, Progression: Church

Describe how the Bible and the Church support each other.  Define Tradition, Magisterium, and Scripture and be able to explain how they work together.

**Scripture**

\--It is Revelation expressed in human words

**Tradition**

\-The Holy Spirit's way of deepening the Church's

knowledge of what is revealed through scripture and revelation

Both create the Deposit of Faith

**Magisterium**

\-Protects and interprets the deposit of faith

The deposit of faith was entrusted to the church/ Magisterium

The Magisterium works to give an authentic interpretation of the Word of God whether contained in Sacred Scripture or in Sacred Tradition

**Name and explain events/persons from the Old Testament that point to events/persons in the New Testament.**   

Isaac is a type of Jesus, as Isaac was to be sacrificed by his father, similarly Christ was sacrificed by his father to save humanity from sin. Isaac carried the wood for his sacrifice up the hill as Jesus carried his cross to where he'd be sacrificed.  Abraham is a type of God, as God sacrificed his son for our salvation, Abraham was going to sacrifice his son to please God.

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The savior mentioned in the Protoevangelium is in reference to Christ. 

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The mana given to the Israelites is a type of the eucharist. 

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The lamb to be sacrificed during passover is a type of Christ. As Christ was sacrificed to bring about salvation for humanity, the lamb was slaughtered to prevent the angel of death from reaping their first born. Jesus is known as the lamb of God, as he acted as a sacrificial lamb to free the world from sin. Moses leading the Israelites to salvation in the promised land could be symbolic of Christ's deliverance of humanity from sin into the grace of God and his kingdom.

**What does it mean to be a steward of creation? Give examples.** 

Our dominion over creation does not mean we can simply use it and plunder it as we wish. Rather, humans are called to be stewards of the world: we must care for and cultivate it.

* Conserving and protecting natural habitats and biodiversity
* Reducing waste and pollution
* Using resources sustainably

**Why is it important to be a good steward of creation?**

God gave humans a place of honor in creation, making them stewards of all he created. God holds humanity accountable for our exercise of dominion over creation. Humans' stewardship of creation means ensuring that it functions and prospers into the future, to the degree that we are able to influence. 

Explain the meaning of the Protoevangelium.

The Protoevangelium, also known as the First Gospel, is a term used in Christian theology to refer to the first biblical account of the promise of redemption in the Bible. It is found in the book of Genesis, specifically in the 3rd chapter, 15th verse, where God speaks to the serpent after the fall of man, saying "I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel." This passage is considered the first indication of the coming of a savior to restore the relationship between God and humanity.

Describe Life before the Fall and after the Fall.

Life before the Fall, as described in the Bible, refers to the time before the first humans, Adam and Eve, disobeyed God and sinned. According to Christian theology, in this state, humanity was considered to be in a state of original holiness, meaning they were without sin and in perfect harmony with God. They were also in a state of original nudity, meaning they were without shame or self-consciousness in their nakedness. This state is also referred to as original justice, meaning they were in a state of perfect justice and in complete obedience to God's will.

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In this state, humans were also in a state of original unity, meaning they were in perfect harmony with each other and with the rest of creation. They were also in a state of original solitude, meaning they were alone but not lonely, as they were in perfect relationship with God.

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After the Fall, as described in the Bible, Adam and Eve disobeyed God's command not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, committing what is known as original sin. This sin is inherited by all humanity and is the reason for the separation between God and humanity, as well as the cause of all the suffering, death, and evil in the world.

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The rational faculties of the soul are the intellectual abilities of the human soul, such as the ability to reason, understand, and think. According to Christian theology, these rational faculties were also affected by the fall, with humanity losing the ability to fully understand and know God. The fall has also affected the soul's ability to understand the world and oneself, as well as the ability to make moral choices.

**Summarize the events of Old Testament Covenants. Explain how each of these covenants point to Jesus. Explain how each of these covenants relate to our lives today.** 

The Old Testament Covenants are agreements between God and his chosen people, the Israelites, that outline the terms of their relationship. The main covenants are as follows:

\n The Covenant with Noah: God promised to never again flood the earth and to maintain the stability of the natural order.

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The Covenant with Abraham: God promised to make Abraham the father of many nations and to give his descendants the land of Canaan.

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The Covenant with Moses: God gave the Israelites the Ten Commandments and other laws through Moses, establishing them as his chosen people and promising to be their God.

\n The Covenant with David: God promised to establish a dynasty through King David, and that one of his descendants would be the Messiah.

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All of these covenants point to Jesus as the fulfillment of God's promises to his people. Jesus is the descendant of Abraham, the heir of David's throne, and the one who brings the New Covenant.

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The covenants also relate to our lives today because they provide a framework for understanding God's relationship with humanity and his plan for salvation. They remind us of God's faithfulness, his promises, and his desire for relationship with us. They also provide guidance for how to live a life pleasing to God and how to relate to others. Additionally, the covenants remind us that we are God's chosen people and that He had a plan for salvation from the very beginning.

**What does it mean to be a** ***communion of persons*****? What does this teach us about how and why God created us?**

Being a "communion of persons" refers to the idea that human beings are created in the image and likeness of God and that we are meant to exist in relationship with one another and with God. This means that we are not meant to be isolated individuals, but rather we are meant to be connected to one another and to God in a way that reflects the inner life of the Trinity. This teaches us that God created us to be in relationship with Him and with one another, and that our ultimate fulfillment and happiness is found in these relationships. It also teaches us that we are made to be in community, to love and to be loved, and to share in the life of God. In short, being a "communion of persons" means that God created us to be in relationship with Him and with one another, and that this is the key to understanding our purpose and the path to fulfillment and happiness.

**What do we learn about God from Genesis 1 and 2? What do we learn about humanity in Genesis 1 and 2?** 

We learn that God created humanity in his image, which means that we have a special relationship with him and bear a resemblance to him in some way. Also, that God has given humanity a special role in the world, to govern and care for the earth, and that God created humans as male and female, which implies the importance of gender and the complementary nature of men and women.

In summary, from Genesis 1 and 2, we learn that God is the creator of the universe and the source of life, He is holy, separate and sovereign. We also learn that God created humanity in his image, with a special role in the world, and that he created human beings with the intention of them living in perfect relationship with him and with one another, in harmony with creation. We also learn that God gave humanity the freedom to make choices and that they have the ability to exercise their will.

**Why is it important to respect the dignity of others?**

The dignity of others is important because every human being is created in the image and likeness of God and therefore has an inherent and equal value and worth. This means that every person is deserving of respect and should be treated with dignity and compassion. The Catholic Church teaches that the ultimate goal of human life is to live in union with God and to share in the life of the Trinity. Respecting the dignity of others is therefore seen as an important step in fulfilling this ultimate goal, as it allows us to build relationships of love and compassion with others, which ultimately leads to a deeper relationship with God.

***Mission Statement***

***Give Thanks In All Things***

Catechism of the Catholic Church

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The Catechism is arranged in four principal parts: The Profession of Faith (the Apostles' Creed) The Celebration of the Christian Mystery (the Sacred Liturgy, and especially the sacraments) Life in Christ (including the Ten Commandments)

Dei Verbum

The document Dei Verbum (Word of God) is one of only two dogmatic constitutions issued by the Second Vatican Council, the other being Lumen Gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church.