AP EURO - Unit 3

Chapters 16. Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Emergence of Modern Science and 17. The Eighteenth Century: An Age of Enlightenment

What was the Scientific Revolution?

A transition away from a medieval worldview towards a more secular perspective, challenging traditional beliefs about the external world.

What were some key advancements during the Scientific Revolution?

Advancements were made in astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, anatomy, and medicine.

What role did medieval universities play in the Scientific Revolution?

They were instrumental in fostering the study of philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and physics.

How did Renaissance humanists contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

They promoted a renewed interest in classical knowledge and influenced scientific thought.

What factors spurred the Scientific Revolution?

Factors included exploration, technological achievements, and the advent of print.

What impact did the Scientific Revolution have on traditional views?

It overturned centuries of authority and traditional views/practices.

What was the significance of the Scientific Revolution in terms of worldview?

It marked a shift towards a more empirical and rational understanding of the natural world.

What is the Enlightenment often referred to as?

The Age of Reason

Which two thinkers significantly influenced the Enlightenment?

Isaac Newton and John Locke

What method was applied to understand all aspects of life during the Enlightenment?

The Scientific Method

What concept emphasizes the use of reason to determine societal laws?

Natural laws

What did John Locke argue in his 'Two Treatises of Government'?

Natural rights to life, liberty, and property

What is the term for the agreement among individuals to form a government?

Social Contract

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?

He had a negative view, describing life in its natural state as 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.'

What is 'tabula rasa' as proposed by John Locke?

The idea that individuals are born as a blank slate, shaped by experience.

What significant document did Thomas Jefferson reference Enlightenment ideas in?

The Declaration of Independence

Who was the most influential Enlightenment thinker known for his wit and criticism of injustice?

Voltaire

What did Baron de Montesquieu advocate for in 'Spirit of the Laws'?

Checks and balances through the separation of powers.

What was Denis Diderot's major contribution to the Enlightenment?

The Encyclopedia, a compilation of all knowledge.

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about government?

It is a necessary evil and should adhere to the general will.

What economic theory did Adam Smith advocate in 'The Wealth of Nations'?

Laissez-faire economics and free trade.

What role did women play in the Enlightenment?

They hosted salons and contributed to the spread of Enlightenment ideas.

What was Mary Wollstonecraft's significant work advocating for women's rights?

'A Vindication of the Rights of Women'

What is Rococo art characterized by?

Grace, gentle action, and playful, light colors.

Which composer is associated with the Baroque period?

Bach

What is a notable feature of Rococo art compared to Baroque?

Rococo emphasized curves and wandering lines over strict geometrical patterns.

Name one famous Rococo artist.

Jean-Antoine Watteau

What did salons during the Enlightenment serve as?

Meeting places for intellectual discussion and the spread of ideas.

What did Enlightenment thinkers generally promote?

Reform in society and increased secularism.

What was the general attitude towards religion during the Enlightenment?

Increased skepticism and the rise of Deism.