Emergency Care & CPR

the most correct definition of first aid is...

immediate care given to someone who is ill or injured

while providing care to a victim, some of the victim's body fluids inadvertently splash into your eyes. which of the following should you do first?

flush your eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile irrigant for 20 min

when administering first aid, the condition that should be cared for first is...

the most life-threatening one

good Samaritan laws generally protect citizen responders from legal liability when they are providing care in an emergency if the rescuer odes which of the following

acts in good faith within the scope and standard of their training

you determine that a victim is competent when he or she demonstrates which of the following

the ability to understand questions and the implications of decisions made

the victim is not speaking, making other sounds or moving you should determine responsiveness by....

shaking victim and asking if they are okay

if the victim is unresponsive you may assume that they would want you to provide first aid. this is known as...

implied consent

you should attempt to resuscitate a victim who has no pulse and is not breathing in which situation

the victim's "DNR" is not available

which of the following is least likely to be considered a vital organ

the kidneys

the purpose of the integumentary system is to...

protect the body from the environment, pathogens, and regulate body temp

the mechanical process of moving air into and out of the lungs is known as...

respiration

how long should first aider spend on the primary survey

two to three min

you are providing care to a victim who has a laceration on his arm that is bleeding. you observe the bleeding as a steady stream oozing from the wound. which PPE is the most important to use?

disposable gloves

you recently provided first aid to a victim who did not survive. your feeling and behaviors are different now than before this event. what should you do?

seek professional help

upon arriving at the scene of a crisis, which of the following is your first responsibility

making sure the scene is safe

the purpose of rescue breathing is to...

provide a method of air exchange

you can tell you are providing mouth to mouth to mask ventilation correctly if you can...

see the chest rise and fall

the preferable method of opening the airway is the...

head tilt/chin lift

the rescue breathing rate for an infant is...

one breath every three seconds

a victim's diastolic blood pressure reflects

the force against arterial walls "between" contraction of the heart

which of the following is most appropriate when performing the jaw thrust maneuver (without head extension) to open the airway

sliding the fingers under the angles of the jawbone

you are attempting to dislodge a foreign object from a conscious victim of airway obstruction. the victim becomes unconscious. which of the following should you do next?

gently lower the victim to the ground

your assessment reveals that your victim is able to acknowledge your presence and appropriately answer your questions. using the AVPU scale you should describe his level of consciousness as which of the following?

A

which of the following should you interpret as indicating the victim's airway is open?

you hear air coming from the victim's mouth and nose

you arrive to a crisis scene and you suspect the victim is experiencing status asthmaticus. which of the following should you do first?

summon more advanced medical personnel

which of the following actions is most important to protect yourself from disease transmission when caring for a victim who is bleeding?

wear disposable gloves

which of the following best reflects the purpose of an on-going assessment?

to identify changes in the victim's condition

when placing a blood pressure cuff on a victim's arm, ensure that the bladder of the cuff is centered over which artery?

brachial

when communication with advanced care (911 dispatch) which of the following should you do first?

identify yourself (name and skill level)

when interviewing a victim you observe the victim grimace and hold her abdomen as she attempts to change her position. which of the following questions is least appropriate?

are you having pain in your belly?

when initiating care during an emergency, which of the following should you do first?

perform an initial assessment

which of the following is most essential to use when giving ventilations in order to protect both you and the victim from disease transmission?

a breathing barrier

you are approaching a victim who has fallen from a step ladder. the victim is conscious. which of the following should you do first?

obtain consent from the victim to provide care

for which of the following should you do immediately summon advanced medical personnel?

a victim with an open leg would through which a bone is protruding

which of the following is least likely to cause a mechanical airway obstruction?

vomit

another term used to denote a heart attack is....

myocardial infarction (mi)

which of the following is most important to assess when preparing to perform a finger sweep?

ensuring the victim is unconscious

cardiac arrest in children most commonly results from...

respiratory emergencies

the correct hand (finger) position for administering CPR to an infant is...

two fingers placed just below an imaginary line drawn between the nipples

after each chest compression your hand should...

come completely off the chest

basic life support is best described as...

recognizing cardiac arrest and providing artificial circulation (CPR)

CPR must begin when a need for it is recognized and must continue until all of the following occur except....

the victim is declared dead by the citizen responder

to check the carotid pulse for circulation, as citizen responder...

check the pulse in the neck

you should periodically stop and check to see whether the heartbeat has returned by...

assessing for signs of life

you are performing CPR on an adult victim. when performing chest compression how deeply should you compress the chest?

more than 2 inches

CPR should be performed on which of the following?

a victim who is in cardiac arrest

what is the first step in caring for a victim of a heart attack?

early recognition of the condition and access to the emergency medical services system

AED electrodes...

both monitor the heart's electrical activity and deliver a shock to the heart

once you have turned on the automated external defibrillation you should

apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm

to ensure effective chest compression during CPR, which of the following is most appropriate?

allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions

you are performing CPR on a victim and a second rescuer arrives. which of the following is most appropriate for the second rescuer to do first?

check to see if more advanced medical personnel have been called and the estimated time of arrival

when you are checking an unconscious adult who was pulled from the water for breathing and pulse, you notice that he is taking infrequent gasps. which of the following steps should you do next?

begin cpr

if there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other, such as with a small child or an infant, you should....

place one pad on the middle of the chest and one on the back

you are preparing to give ventilations to a 5 year old boy using a resuscitation mask, you should give one ventilation every...

5 seconds

when compressing a child's chest during CPR you should compress at a rate of...

100-120 per min

where should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant during CPR?

one hand on the forehead and two or three fingers in the center of the chest

when giving abdominal thrusts to an adult where should you position your fist?

in the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel

when providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, which of the following is most appropriate?

positioning the infant so the head is lower than the chest

the most reliable indication of a blocked airway in a conscious person is....

the inability to talk

T/F: negligence is the failure to follow a reasonable standard of care thereby causing injury or damage to an individual in your care

true

T/F: although respiratory arrest is a serious problem, it is not usually life threatening

false

T/F: the carotid pulse is located at the neck

true

T/F: one significant difference between bacteria and viruses is that viruses are killed by antibiotics

false

T/F: on surfaces HIV is killed by agents such as alcohol and chlorine bleach

true

T/F: if you think you have possibly been exposed to an infection disease while providing care, you should wait until the medical facility notifies you before taking any steps

false

T/F: the very first thing you should do at any emergency scene is check victims for life threatening injuries

true

T/F: assuring adequate head tilt, breathing slowly into the victim's mouth, and stopping the breath when the victim's chest rises will help avoid getting air into the victim's stomach during ventilations

true

T/F: alcohol with meals helps people relax and decreases the risk of choking

false

T/F: for a proper seal, one rim of the resuscitation mask should be placed between the lower lip and chin

true

initial assessment

general impression of victim

check level of consciousness (AVPU)

-alert: aware

-verbally responsive: inappropriately responsive

-responsive to pain

-unconscious

call 911

checking for breathing in position

reposition

open airway

recheck breathing and check pulse

check for severe breathing

SAMPLE

signs/symptoms

allergies

medications

pertinent history

last oral intake

events leading up to incident

DOTS

deformities

open wounds

tenderness

swelling

OPQRST- Pain Assessment

onset

provoke

quality

region/radiate

severity (1-10)

time

Cycle of Care

Ventilate (2)

Compressions (30)

Check mouth/sweep

the 4 means of disease transmission...

bloodborne by direct contact

bloodborne by indirect contact

airborne

vectorborne- carrier

4 elements necessary for disease transmission to occur

pathogen: what causes disease

sufficient quantity of pathogen

-depends on disease and individual

susceptibility

-immune system healthy, vaccines

appropriate entry site