Diversity Review - Biology11

Understanding Biodiversity, Prokaryotes, Viruses, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

Acoelomate

Animals without a body cavity

Antibiotic resistance

Bacteria's ability to survive antibiotic treatment

Archaea

Prokaryotes living in extreme environments

Binary fission

Asexual reproduction method in bacteria

Binomial nomenclature

Two-part naming system for species

Cephalization

Concentration of sensory organs at the head

Coelom

Body cavity within mesoderm in animals

Coelomate

Animal with a true body cavity

Conjugation

Bacterial gene transfer through direct contact

Dichotomous key

Tool for identifying organisms through choices

Diploblastic

Organisms with two germ layers

Endosymbiosis theory

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from bacteria

Eubacteria

Common bacteria found in various environments

Eukaryotes

Organisms with complex cells containing nuclei

First successful vaccine

Smallpox vaccine developed by Edward Jenner

Fungi characteristics

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, cell walls of chitin.

Gametophyte

Haploid stage producing gametes in plants

Hermaphrodite

Organism possessing both male and female reproductive organs

Hyphae

hair-like threads that form the body of fungi

Lysogenic cycle

Viral DNA integrates into host genome

Lytic cycle

Viral reproduction leading to host cell lysis

Mycelium

Network of hyphae in fungi

Phloem

Vascular tissues that transports sugars in plants

Plant divisions

Bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Prions

Infectious proteins causing neurodegenerative diseases

Prokaryotes

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus

Pseudocoelomate

Animal with a body cavity not fully lined

Sporophyte

Diploid stage producing spores in plants

Symbiotic relationship

Interaction where both species benefit

Taxa

Hierarchy of biological classification levels

Triploblastic

Organisms with three germ layers

Vaccines

Biological preparations providing immunity against diseases

Vascular tissue

Tissue for transporting water and nutrients

Viroids

Infectious RNA molecules without protein coats

Viruses

Non-cellular infectious agents requiring hosts

Xylem

Vascular tissue transporting water in plants