Unit 4 Vocab WHAP

Help study for your WHAP test with this complete vocab :)

Cartography

the science or practice of drawing maps

primogeniture laws

Weathly sons were unable to own land due to these laws

maritime empires

Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Holland, and France are all ________ empires.

astronomical charts

any map of stars and galaxies and improved cartography

Carrack

150 ft long, developed by Portugal

Fluyt

80 ft long, developed by the Dutch

Caravel

75 ft long, developed by Portugal and Spain

Mercantilism

Set up policies to sell as many goods as possible, to maximize gold and silver coming into the country. Heavy on colony support.

Bartolomeu Dias

Sailed around the western edge of Africa and then returned back to Portugal.

Vasco Da Gama

He sailed around Africa but didn’t stop there. He went to India and claimed that land for Portugal.

Ferdinand Magellan

Spanish ships became the 1^st to circumnavigate the world (started in 1519) going west around the southern tip of South America, with the gov’t sponsorship of him

John Cabot

English guy that claims Newfoundland to Chesapeake Bay

Capt. James Cook

He charted eastern Australia and New Zealand and added Hawai’i to European maps and probed the Arctic Ocean to understand the world’s ocean basins.

Henry Hudson

looking for the NW Passage he explored the E. Coast of New Amsterdam

The Great Dying

Long isolation from the Afro-Eurasian world and the lack of most domesticated animals meant the absence of acquired immunities to Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, and yellow fever. Killed Native American

Qing Dynasty

Which Dynasty?

• Prosperity based upon

  • Agriculture; high yields from new methods 

  • Rice, wheat, millet

  • New foods from Americas 

    • Maize, sweet potatoes, peanuts raised on soil not appropriate for previous crops

    • New foods sustained rapid increase in population

New trading posts

in Asia, Africa, and the colonies in the Americas established trade of luxury goods.

Joint-Stock Companies

People who invest by purchasing stocks in companies so they would share in the profits and failures in exploration and trading ventures.

Limited Liability

People who invest by purchasing stocks in companies so they would share in the profits and failures in exploration and trading ventures.  This provided for _________ and made investing in exploration cheaper.

The East India Company (EIC)

• established small forts on the coasts for trade.

• To remedy the restriction, the EIC took advantage of the tension between Hindus and Muslims 

  • Sepoys

Francisco Pizarro

By 1572, the spaniard had completed their conquest of the Inca Empire, they established a capital at Lima. This is the guy responsible for their fall

Treaty of Tordesillas

Spain and Portugal were battling over who would get more land, and the church stepped in to prevent war.

encomienda system

• an ECONOMIC/ LABOR SYSTEM! A coercive labor system compelling indigenous people to work for them in exchange for food and shelter, very brutal but in some ways similar to the Manor system

The hacienda system

• arose when landowners developed agriculture on their lands- wheat, fruit, vegetables, and sugar- coerced labor was used.

encomenderos

Land owners

The Casta System

In Latin America, it assigned people their levels at baptism and could not move up except by intermarriage.  People in the bottom layers of the hierarchy had to pay higher taxes and tributes, even though they could not often afford them.

Galleons

 large, multi-decked sailing ships first used by the Spanish as armed cargo carriers

Adam Smith

• Turned against mercantilism and produced The Wealth of Nations

• He believed in the idea of free trade and to rely on the laws of supply and demand which will make everyone wealthier in the long run

• Believed the market would regulate itself

Ana Nzinga, Ndongo

In 1624, __________ became ruler of _________ in south-central Africa (present day Angola).

Mirs

The village communities that were controlled jointly by small landholders among the peasant farmers.

Cossack

• Many were runaway serfs

• These fierce warriors were sometimes at odds with the central government of the tsars. 

• However , they could be hired as mercenaries to defend Russia against Swedish, Tatar, and Ottoman forces. 

Pugachev Rebellion

• caused Catherine to increase her oppression of the peasants in return for the support of the nobles to help her avoid future revolts.

• Local Resistance of Russia

Maratha

Replaced the Mughal Empire

Pueblo Revolt

• The Pueblo and Apache, two indigenous groups, fought colonizers who were trying to force religious conversions. 

• The indigenous people killed about 400 Spaniards, drove the rest out of the area, and destroyed churches. 

• The Spanish re-conquered the area in 1692.

Frondes

New French edicts increasing taxation

Maroon Wars

Enslaved people in the Caribbean and former Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom in what  were known as

Maroons

were descendants of Africans who had escaped slavery in Jamaica. 

Queen Nanny

herself had escaped slavery, united all the maroons of the island. 

Gloucester County Rebellion

Slave revolts were common in the Americas, especially in those locations where enslaved Africans outnumbered free Europeans. 

The first recorded slave revolt in what is now the United States was the _____________________ __ in 1663

Stono Rebellion

a slave rebellion that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies

Metacom's War

• was the final major effort of the indigenous people to drive the British from New England. 

• The war spread throughout New England and resulted in the destruction of 12 towns. 

• Some Native American groups, including the Mohegan and Pequot, and Mohawk, sided with the English. 

Glorious Revolution

• It strengthened the power of Parliament, which passed a law forbidding Catholics to rule England. 

• That revolution took place without much violence, but religious tensions continued in England and throughout much of the world.