Grignard's Reagent

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Preparation and Properties

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46 Terms

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Grignard’s Reagent chemistry formula?

R- Mg+X

Alkyl Magnesium Halide

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Preparation of Grignard’s Reagent?

R-X + Mg —(in presence of dry ether)→ R=MgX

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When preparing Grignards’ Reagent what are the reactants?

R-X and Mg

Alkyl Halide and Magnesium

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What solvent should the preparation of Grignard’s Reagent take place in

Dry Ether

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What is the mechanism of the reaction of preparation of Grignard’s Reagent?

Magnesium has 2 electrons in the outermost shell.

in R-X, R has partial positive charge and X has partial negative charge. Magnesium gives its two electrons to the electrophile, which is R. In this process, the electrons from the covalent bond R-X go to X, giving X a negative charge.

R-Mg becomes a covalent bond, and Mg-X becomes an ionic bond.

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In R-MgX, what is the nature of the bond between R and Mg?

It is a covalent bond.

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In R-MgX, what is the nature of the bond between Mg and X?

It is an ionic bond.

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RMgX is the source of a _________ (nucleophile/electrophile)

RMg is the source of a nucleophile (R-) or base.

R provides a carbanion.

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RMgX acts as ______ (acid/base).

RMgX acts as base.

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RMgX acts as _______ (nucleophile/electrophile).

RMgX acts as nucleophile.

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R- _______ H+. (accepts/donates)

R- accepts H+.

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R- _______ acidic hydrogen. (accepts/donates)

R- accepts acidic hydrogen.

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with water gives?

CH3-CH3 + Mg(OH)Cl

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with R-OH gives?

CH3-CH3

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with ether gives?

It doesn’t give anything. No reaction.

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with CH3-O-CH3 gives?

It doesn’t give anything. No reaction.

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with H2O gives?

CH3-CH3 + Mg(OH)Cl

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with alcohol gives?

CH3-CH3

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with acetic acid gives?

CH3-CH3

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with CH3COOH gives?

CH3-CH3

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with NH3 gives?

CH3-CH3

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with (CH3)3N gives?

It doesn’t give anything. No reaction.

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with R-SO3H gives?

CH3-CH3

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CH3-CH2-MgCl on reaction with phenol gives?

CH3-CH3

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What role does ether play in the preparation of Gridnard’s reagent?

It is a solvent, used to dissolve the reactants by coordination.

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What is the order of easiest formation of Grignard’s Reagent?

RI _ RBr _ RCl

RI > RBr > BCl

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When CH3MgBr reacts with CH3COCl what do we get?

Explain the mechanism as well.

CH3COCH3 + MgBrCl

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<p>Explain the mechanism as well.</p>

Explain the mechanism as well.

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Explain the mechanism where Grignard’s Reagent acts as a nucleophile.

R- is a nucleophile and attacks a positive centre, usually the C doubly bonded with O in a ketone group. The C either breaks one bond with the O, making the O negatively charged so Mg+X attaches itself to it, or C breaks a bond with a leaving group which attaches with Mg+.

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What does RMgX need to react with to make a 2o alcohol?

An aldehyde. On reaction with RMgX, an aldehyde forms an adduct, which gets reduced to a second degree alcohol in acidic medium.

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What does RMgX need to react with to make a 3o alcohol?

A ketone. On reaction with RMgX, a ketone forms an adduct, which gets reduced to a third degree alcohol in acidic medium.

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When Grignard’s Reagent reacts with water, does it act as a base or a nucleophile?

It acts as a base.

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When Grignard’s Reagent reacts with CH3COCl, does it act as a base or a nucleophile?

It acts as a nucleophile.

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RMgX + H2CO/H3O+

RCH2—OH

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RMgX + (i)O2 (ii) H3O+

R-OH

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RMgX + HCOOEt/H3O+

R2CHOH

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RMgX + RCOR/H2O →

R3C-OH

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RMgX + RCN/H2O →

RCOR

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