BIO: Unit 1 Study Guide

Density Independent

Limiting factors that have nothing to do with population size.

Generalist

Organisms that feed on a wide variety of food and have a wider niche.

max number of individuals

Carrying capacity: The ________ an environment can support.

Emigration

The movement of individuals out of an area.

Immigration

The movement of individuals into an area.

Climax community

The state where populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment.

Density

________ dependent: Limiting factors that depend on population size.

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Two species with identical niches can not coexist for prolonged periods of time.

Homeostasis

The state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions- Equilibrium.

Specialist

Organisms that feed on specific things and have a narrower niche.

Producers

Organisms that capture energy from sunlight through photosynthesis and provide food from inorganic compounds.

Tertiary

Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on both primary and secondary consumers.

Commensalism

One individual benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

Parasitism

One individual lives on /in another individual and causes harm.

population growth

Limiting Factors: Factors that cause ________ to decrease.

Independent Variables

Set by the investigator; represented on the x- axis.

Primary Consumers

Organisms that feed on producers.

Niche

A role an organism plays in a community.

Pioneer Organisms

An organism that populates a region after a natural disaster, mass extinction, or any other event that kills off most life in the area.

Mutualism

Both species benefit from the relationship.

Exponential population growth

The trend that occurs when population growth increases with population size.

Mutualism

Both species benefit from the relationship

Commensalism

One individual benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped

Example of Commensalism

Frogs use plants as protection and the plants are not helped or harmed

Parasitism

One individual lives on/in another individual and causes harm

Example of Parasitism

Mosquitoes take blood from humans and humans get itchy and can catch disease

Competitive Exclusion Principle

Two species with identical niches cannot coexist for prolonged periods of time

Generalist

Organisms that feed on a wide variety of food and have a wider niche

Specialist

Organisms that feed on specific things and have a narrower niche

Niche

A role an organism plays in a community

Limiting Factors

Factors that cause population growth to decrease

Density-dependent

Limiting factors that depend on population size

Example

Overcrowding, disease, etc

Density Independent

Limiting factors that have nothing to do with population size

Example

Unusual weather, natural disasters, seasonal cycles, human impacts, etc

Carrying capacity

The max number of individuals an environment can support

Exponential population growth

The trend that occurs when population growth increases with population size

Immigration

The movement of individuals into an area

Emigration

The movement of individuals out of an area

Primary Succession

no soil, bare rock

Secondary Succession

Soil is present

Climax community

The state where populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment

Pioneer Organisms

An organism that populates a region after a natural disaster, mass extinction, or any other event that kills off most life in the area

Producers

Organisms that capture energy from sunlight through photosynthesis and provide food from inorganic compounds

Primary Consumers

Organisms that feed on producers

Secondary

Organisms that feed on primary consumers

Tertiary

Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on both primary and secondary consumers

What is Scientific Method

An observation/Inference

Steps

Observation, Ask a Question, Research or use prior knowledge, hypothesis, experiment, analyze data, conclusion, report

Controlled Experiment

an experiment where all variables in an experimental group and a comparison control group are kept the same except for one variable that is changed

Dependent Variables

Measured during the investigation; represented on the y-axis

Independent Variables

Set by the investigator; represented on the x-axis

PURPOSE

To collect Data

Qualitative Data

Data collected that is NOT numbers (color/shape patterns, words, etc.)

Quantitative Data

Data represented by numbers and statistics

Biotic Factors

Living factors in an environment

Abiotic Factors

Non-living factors in an environment

Asexual

One organism makes an exact genetic copy of itself

Sexual

Two organisms merge genetics for a genetically mixed product