Abnormal psychology

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Public Misconception

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45 Terms

1

Public Misconception

When the link between mental illness and violence is misunderstood.

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2

Abnormal Psychology

Focuses on diagnosing, explaining, and treating individuals with psychological disorders

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3

Psychologists

Hold post-graduate degree in clinical psychology pay

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4

Psychiatrists

Tried as medical doctors, specialize in psychiatry

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5

Biological Approach

Focuses on the role of inheritance, brain structure and function, and animal research in understanding abnormal behavior.

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6

Cognitive Approach

Focuses on faulty schemas, types of thinking, and beliefs (mental processes).

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7

Sociocultural Approach

Focuses on social needs, cultural influences on defining normal and abnormal behavior.

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8

DSM-5

published by the American Psychiatric Association,

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9

Normal Behavior

is not static and can change over time across different cultures Stat

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10

Statistical Infrequency

Abnormal behavior based on its rarity in a population

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11

Social Norms

Abnormal behavior based on societal attitudes and unwritten rules

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12

Failure to Function Adequately

Abnormal behavior as actions, moods, or thoughts that significantly impact an individual's well-being.

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13

Szasz (1960)

study that argued mental illness is a myth

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14

Wakefield's Model ('Harmful Dysfunction')

model that categorized behaviors as normal or abnormal

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15

Jahonda (1958)

proposed a different approach to defining normality and abnormality c

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16

Culture-Bound Syndrome

Abnormal behaviors or disorders unique to specific cultures not recognized outside of that society

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17

Reporting Bias

Data about a disorder gathered from hospital admissions may not accurately represent the prevalence of the disorder.

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18

Validity in Diagnosis

A valid diagnosis occurs when a diagnosed person genuinely has a particular disorder as defined by diagnostic classification systems

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19

Face Validity in ADHD Diagnosis

Face validity is present when criteria seem to measure what they claim to measure

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20

Construct Validity in Diagnostic Testing

Construct validity assesses if a diagnostic test effectively supports the diagnosis by evaluating the relevance and accuracy of the questions asked.

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21

Reliability

The accuracy or consistency of a diagnostic test.

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22

Inter-Rater Reliability

Consistency in diagnoses when different mental health professionals assess the same patient using the same classification system.

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23

Test-Retest Reliability

Consistency of diagnoses over time, ensuring that a patient diagnosed with a certain disorder maintains that diagnosis if the condition persists.

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24

Stigmatization

Labeling individuals with mental health disorders may lead to social stigma, discrimination, and negative perceptions.

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25

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

The expectation of a certain outcome influences behavior, potentially leading individuals to fulfill the predicted behavior.

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26

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Is a complex mental health condition influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

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27

Diathesis-Stress Model

This model proposes that individuals have a biological predisposition (diathesis) for MDD, and the manifestation of the disorder depends on the presence of stressors.

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28

Aaron Beck's Contribution

Proposed that depression arises when individuals make attributions for external events based on maladaptive beliefs and attitudes.

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29

Cognitive Triad

A negative view of oneself, the world, and the future characterizes the cognitive triad in depression.

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30

Negative View of the Self

Depressed individuals perceive themselves as deficient, inadequate, and unworthy.

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31

Negative View of the World

Interactions and life experiences are seen as difficult or hopeless, emphasizing defeats and failures.

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32

Negative View of the Future

Current difficulties are viewed as continuing indefinitely, leading to a sense of despair and hopelessness.

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33

Schemas

Patterns of maladaptive thoughts and beliefs that become activated

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34

Cognitive Errors

Faulty thinking accompanied by negative and unrealistic representations of reality.

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35

Diathesis-Stress Model

A model that considers biological, cognitive, and sociocultural factors in understanding mental disorders.

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36

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Most common psychological treatment for major depressive disorder

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37

Hunter et al(2012)

Demonstrated the effectiveness of CBGT in treating major depression in clients undergoing residential substance abuse treatment.

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38

OHDC

Culturally specific Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (CBGT) designed for African Americans with depression

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39

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A psychiatric treatment that involves the administration of a short electrical stimulus to the brain through electrodes placed on the temples.

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40

Group therapy

Type of therapy for individuals to learn from the experiences of others facing similar challenges, fostering a sense of connection and shared understanding.

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41

Eclectic Approach

An approach that combines two or more therapeutic techniques to tailor treatment to individual or group needs.

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42

Pilots I & II

studies that emphasized the need for more research to establish the efficacy of OHDC

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43

Outcome Measures

Psychological tests and surveys used to measure depression, cognitive functioning, quality of life, physical health, and attitudes toward seeking mental health services.

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44

Recovery Rates

The percentage of participants who experienced recovery from major depression in the CBT groups.

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45

Recurrence Rates

The rate at which depression symptoms recurred during the follow-up period after completing CBT.

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