biological molecules

mouth

mechanical digestion by teeth; chemical digestion by enzymes (amylase) in saliva

Oesophagus

Tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

liver

Produces bile which neutralises stomach acid; bile breaks down lipids

Gall bladder

stores bile

stomach

Muscular bag; chemical digestion with enzymes

Pancreas

Releases digestive enzymes into intestines

small intestine

Further digestion and nutrients are absorbed

large intestine

Water is absorbed

Rectum

stores faeces

anus

Egestion of faeces

Villi

Tiny finger like projections in the small intestine

Peristalsis

muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

Assimilation

the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells

Anus

Expels faeces from the body

Colon

Water is absorbed from waste material in the gut

Bile function

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Simple carbohydrates (table sugars, sugars)

To provide short lasting energy

complex carbohydrates (pasta; bread)

To provide long lasting energy

fat (butter; nuts)

To insulate the body

Protein (meats; dairy products)

for growth and repair of tissue

Vitamin A (liver; leafy veg)

Aids vision, growth, cell division, immune system

Vitamin C (citrus fruits, broccoli)

Protecting cells, maintains healthy skin and bones, heals wounds

fibre (vegetables; bran)

Helps gut movement

water (milk; fruit juice)

Chemical reactions; protects organs; helps excretion; keeps eyes moist; transports oxygen to cells

Vitamin D (oily fish, red meat)

Keeps bones and muscles healthy

Calcium (milk; cheese)

Regulating muscle contractions, making blood clot normally

Iron (Liver, red meat, dried fruit)

Production if red blood cells