CIVICS LITERACY EXAM MODULE 2

which cases represented the 13th and 14th amendment (3)

plessy vs. ferguson, brown vs board of education, regents of the UC vs. Bakke

which cases represented the 1st amendment (6)

citizens united vs FEC, Engel vs. Vitale, W. Virginia Board of Ed. vs Barnette, Hazelwood vs Kuhlmeier, Texas v Johnson, Tinker v. DesMoines

which cases represented the 2nd amendment

DC vs. Heller

which cases represented the fourth amendment

mapp vs. ohio, new jersey vs TLO

what cases represent the 5th and 6th amendment

miranda vs arizona, gideon vs wainright

dred scott v sandford

when his owner died, scott sued the widow claiming he was no longer a slave because he had become free in a free state; congress lacked power to ban slavery, and scott was not declared a citizen

plessy v ferguson

louisiana called the separate car act declaring that all rail companies carrying passengers in louisiana must provide separate but equal accommodations for white and non white passengers; plessy took his case to the supreme court where the court upheld the constitutionality of the separate car act, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine that justified racial segregation.

brown v board of education

 -each day linda brown and her sister had to walk through a dangerous railroad switchyard to get to the bus stop for the ride to their all black elementary school; they believed that it violated the 14th amendment's guarantee of equal protection under the law, leading them to seek a legal remedy that would challenge segregation in public  schools.

regents of the U. of California v Bakke

allan bakke was a white male who applied who was rejected from medical school while other minorities with lower gpas and test scores; bakke filed suit alleging that this admissions system violated the equal protection clause and excluded him on race

bush v gore

2000 election was extremely close; the use of different standards of counting the ballots in different counties was a violation of the equal protection clause (florida)

citizens united v federal election commission

the court held that the free speech clause of the first amendment prohibits the restriction of independent expenditures for communications by corporations; citizens united sought to air a critical film of hillary clinton and to advertise before 2009 election. Federal law prohibited this type of broadcast within 30 days of a primary election

engel v vitale

in the new york school system the school began with a nondenominational prayer acknowledging dependence upon god; violation of the first amendment

west virginia state board of education v barnette

west virginia public schools required all teachers and pupils to participate in the salute honoring the nation represented by the flag; refusal resulted in expulsion

texas vs johnson

in a political demonstration during the republican national convention in texas, protesting the policies of the reagan administration; doused an american flag with kerosene and set it on fire, a symbolic act that sparked a     legal battle over freedom of speech and expression under the First Amendment.

tinker vs des des moines

john and mary beth tinker of des moines, iowa wore black armbands to their public school  as a symbol of protest against american involvement in the vietnam war; the supreme court decided that the tinkers had the right to wear the armbands stating that no one expects students to “shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the school house gate

hazelwood v kuhlmeier

principal saw sensitive content in a student newspaper and pulled it out

 -students thought it was a violation of the first amendment

 -for high school there was a legitimate pedagogical concern and their speech is limited

D.C. vs Heller

landmark case in which the supreme court held that the second amendment protects the individuals right to have a firearm; district of columbia’s handgun ban and requirement that lawfully owned rifles and shotguns  be kept “unloaded and disassembled or bound by a trigger lock” violated that guarantee

mapp v ohio

dollree mapp had her house searched without a warrant

-although she was found guilty, the evidence was thrown away and she was declared innocent because there was no warrant

new jersey v TLO

suspected of smoking at school; he found other smoking materials and searched her backpack without a warrant; in a school setting, it did not violate the constitution as school officials have a responsibility to maintain a safe environment and enforce rules aimed at preventing illegal activities.

miranda v arizona

ernesto miranda was arrested after a crime victim identified him; they did not inform him of the fifth amendment; while he confessed of the crime, it was excluded from the trial because he was not used to his right to counsel or informed that he could remain silent.

gideon v wainwright

gideon was arrested but could not afford a lawyer; argued that the sixth amendment entitles everyone to a lawyer regardless of their financial situation, ensuring the right to legal representation is fundamental to a fair trial.

roe v wade

jane roe was an unmarried and pregnant texas resident; texas law made it illegal to have an abortion unless it was medical necessary; claimed that it violated the guarantee of personal liberty and the right to privacy implicitly guaranteed in the first fourth fifth ninth and 14 amendments

korematsu vs US

after pearl harbor was bombed the military feared a japanese attack on the us mainland and the american government; korematsu lied about his nationality to protect himself from relocation; court agreed with government and stated that the need to protect the country was a bigger priority than the individual rights of japanese

marbury v madison

at the end of president john adams term, his secretary of state failed to delivery documents commissioning william marbury as justice of the peace in DC; marbury v madison decision resulted in establishment of the concept of judicial review, the ability of federal courts to declare legislative and executive actions unconstitutional

gibbons vs ogden

the gov of new york granted a steamboat company a monopoly to operate its boats on the  states waters, which included bodies of water that stretched between states; gibbons competed with ogden for the right to operate on these interstate waters, leading to a landmark Supreme Court case that ultimately confirmed federal supremacy over interstate commerce.

mcculloch v maryland

mcculloch refused to pay the tax at the federal bank even though they have the power to  tax any business in its state and that the constitution does not give power to create a bank; supreme court determined that congress that congress has implied powers - broad to implement the enumerated powers of the constitution - that allow it to create a national bank and that states cannot tax the federal government, as it would interfere with the     execution of federal laws.

US vs nixon

nixon was involved in a scandal that led to the discovery of recordings made in the Oval Office, which ultimately prompted questions regarding executive privilege and accountability; court decided that executive privilege is not limitless, and the tapes were released