Revolutions

What was the American Revolution?

Separation of 13 British colonies in North America to form the U.S.A.

What is the American Revolutions relationship with enlightenment Ideals?

Philosophies like John Locke's natural rights and consent of the governed, supported by Thomas Jefferson and other colonists during the American Revolution.

Revolutionary War

Military aspect of the American Revolution

French and Indian War

Conflict between France and England that led many colonists to fight for the British, causing financial strain and discontent among the colonies.

Proclamation of 1763

Agreement prohibiting colonists from settling past the Appalachian Mountains, angering those already settled in those regions.

Stamp Act of 1765

Tax on printed materials to pay British debt, leading to colonists' boycotts and protests against heavy taxation.

Boston Massacre

Violent confrontation between colonists and British soldiers in Boston, increasing resentment towards the soldiers.

Boston Tea Party

Protest where colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor in response to increased tea taxes and lack of representation in parliament.

Intolerable Acts of 1774

Laws restricting colonists in Boston, including closing the harbor and limiting town meetings, leading to further tensions.

John Locke

Enlightenment philosopher known for advocating natural rights, influencing U.S. founders during the American Revolution.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point in the Revolutionary War where France aided the U.S.A, leading to British surrender at Yorktown in 1781.

Treaty of Paris

1783 treaty officially ending the American Revolution and recognizing U.S. independence.

French Revolution

Revolution in France influenced by Enlightenment ideals, leading to the fall of the monarchy and rise of a republic.

Louis XVI

French king during the Revolution, failed to address financial issues, leading to his execution and the establishment of a limited monarchy.

Tennis Court Oath

Oath by the Third Estate to establish a limited monarchy during the French Revolution.

Jacobins

French radicals in the National Assembly aiming to end the monarchy and create a new republic, led by Maximilien Robespierre.

Napoleon

French leader and general who rose to power after the Revolution, embodying Enlightenment ideals and creating the Napoleonic Code.

Napoleonic Code

Legal code created by Napoleon to organize French law, influenced by Enlightenment principles but limiting women's rights.

Concordat of 1801

Agreement making the Catholic Church the religion of France and giving Napoleon the right to appoint clergy.

Battle of Waterloo

1815 battle where Napoleon was defeated, leading to his surrender and exile to St. Helena.

Who was Simón Bolivar?

Military leader and politician who led South American nations to independence from Spain

Which countries give Bolivar credit for revolution?

Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

What were Bolivar’s beliefs?

 He believed Spain oppressed the colonies # he believed enlightenment ideas Bolivar born in Venezuela & wanted equality for all of South America

What was Haiti’s original name?

St. Domingue

What inspired/caused the revolution?

Mulatoos & slaves were inspired by the French Revolution to revolt against European oppressors.

Why did Spain and Britain invade the colony?

They thought the revolution meant they were weak so they invaded St. Domingue to rule it and gain plantation rights

Why did slaves fight for the French in the revolution?

 The French promised slaves who fought with them freedom.

 Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?

  A leader of the revolution & 1st black governor of colonies

When did Haiti/St. Domingo become free?

Jan 1, 1804

What is enlightenment deposition?

Form of government which monarch uses position of power for progress

What was Napolean’s 1st mistake?

In 1806 he introduces Continental System which closed European ports to British trade in hopes that it would destroy Britain’s economy

Napoleon's 2nd mistake?

In 1808 Napoleon overthrows Spain's monarch and put his brother Joseph in charge

What was Napolean’s 3rd mistake?

In 1812 Napoleon invades Russia despite being warned. And his armies get destroyed.

What happened in October 1813?

Grand Alliance defeat Napoleon at Battle of Nations

What happened in March 1815?

Napoleon escapes from Elba and makes new army

What happened June 1815?

Grand Alliance defeats Napoleon at Battle of Waterloo