Unit 2 - GH 20

Hobbes

Believed people were inherently evil and needed a government to establish social order.

Social Contract

The theory that individuals consent to form a government that will protect their rights.

Locke's Belief

Believed people were inherently good and rejected the divine right of kings in favor of democracy.

Three Rights Protected by Government (Locke)

Life, liberty, and property.

Montesquieu

Advocated for separation of powers in government through branches: Judicial, Executive, Legislative.

Rousseau's View on Democracy

Believed in direct democracy and that people should have direct influence on laws.

Voltaire

A philosopher devoted to freedom of expression and speech.

Diderot

Wrote the first encyclopedia, promoting widespread access to information.

Revolution

A major, sudden, typically violent alteration in government or society.

Self-Determination

The autonomy of a country over statehood, allegiances, and government choices.

Preliminary Stage of Revolution

A period of economic and political weakness with increased taxation and class antagonism.

Crisis Stage of Revolution

A stage where radicals take control from moderates, often through a coup d'état.

Storming the Bastille

An event on July 14, 1789, marking the official start of the French Revolution.

Jacques Necker

Financial advisor to King Louis XVI who advocated for the needs of the common people.

Estates-General

An assembly that represented the three estates of French society, called by the king.

Reign of Terror

A period during the French Revolution characterized by political purges led by the Committee of Public Safety.

Napoleonic Code

Legal code established by Napoleon that emphasized merit and abolished hereditary privileges.

Congress of Vienna

A meeting of European powers to restore stability and balance after the Napoleonic Wars.

Quadruple Alliance

An alliance formed in 1815 between Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia to suppress revolutions.

Radical Regime

A stage during the French Revolution when more extreme measures and policies were implemented.