Truman and Eisenhower During the Cold War

What was Truman's Fair Deal?

A deal that was intended to strengthen the existing New Deal reforms and establish new programs, such a health insurance.

Why was Eisenhower not considered a "real" republican?

Many believed he was a closeted New Dealer because of all the domestic policies he was implementing

What was Eisenhower's stronger area in terms of politics?

Foreign policy

What was Eisenhower's weaker area in terms of polotics?

Domestic Agenda

What was a major factor in Eisenhower's political campaign?

He promised that if elected, he would end the Korean war

What was Eisenhower's biggest challange in terms of foreign affairs?

The Suez Crisis

Why was Eisenhower seen as a great candidate in 1952?

He was a national hero

Was Eisenhower a republican or democrat

Republican

What was at it's peak during Eisenhower's presidential election?

McCarthyism (Red Scare)

Why were some republicans unhappy with Eisenhower being their representative?

They didn't believe he was conservitive enough

What was the Korean war like during Eisenhower's presidential election?

Not good

What was the democratic still spilt on during the election year?

The idea of segragation

What idea did Eisenhower bring forward during his campaign?

Modern Republicanism

What was Eisenhower's definition of modern republicanism?

Being a conservative when it comes to money, but a liberal when it comes to human beings

According to Eisenhower, what did having a good post-war life depend on?

Strong foreign policy

What did Eisenhower campaign to keep alive?

FDR's New Deal Programs

Who was Eisenhower's VP

Richard Nixon

Why did Eisenhower want Nixon as his VP?

To bring more conservativism to the republican campaign during his election year, therefore intriguing more republicans who were previously doubting his conservitive beleifs

What was commitee was Nixon apart of?

HUAC

What was HUAC?

House Un-American Activities Commitee; helped convict suspected communist spies

What did Nixon vow to do in an attempt to bring more conservativeism to the republican vote?

Fight communism and corruption in the governement

What was a dilemma that Nixon faced during Eisenhower's election year?

He was accused of taking $18,000 from the campaign donations for personal use

How does Nixon try to correct his problem during the election year?

Goes to the newest form of campapainging medium, the television, and gives the "Checker's Speech," explaining to the American people exactly what happened to the $18,000 he was accused of stealing

What was the effect of the Checker's speech?

Comforted the American people about their skeptisism of Nixon and allowed them to come to an astounding victory

What was Eisenhower's opinion on Joeseph McCarthy?

He was not fond of him, however he didn't speak publicly of him in order to give him less of a feeling of power

How does Eisenhower end the Korean War?

He overturned the UN battle plan and threatened to use nuclear weapons against China if they didn't back off

What was so important about Eisenhower threatening Nuclear war in China during the Korean War?

During the Truman administration General McCarther wanted to do that and Truman said no, afetr McCarther speaks out on Truman's decision he is promptly fired.

What also happened during Eisenhower's time in Korea?

Stalin passes away, taking away some power from the Soviets who are backing China and North Korea at that time.

What impact does Stalin's passing have on the Korean War?

China and Korea sign an armistice, bringing the war to a cease-fire

How many terms does Eisenhower serve?

2

What does Eisenhower believe needed to be done in order to expand American influence in the fee world?

Greater reliance on nuclear weapons, alliances (both strengthening the ones we have and making new ones,) and covert operations

What is Eisenhower's big idea of brinkmanship?

showing countries that you are willing to do what it takes to win the war (Ex: What Eisenhower did in Korea, by threatening nuclear war with China, and them actually believing we were willing to do that, they signed an armistice with North Korea.)

Who coined the term brinkmanship?

Eisenhower's secratary of state

What is one major tool of brinkmanship?

Threat of Massive Retaliation

What was "atoms for peace?"

Eisenhower called for the slowing down of the arms race, USSR withdraws from Austria, build a better relationship with Greece and Turkey

What did Eisenhower propose at the Geneva conference in 1954?

Open Skies proposal; allowing spy planes from both sides to fly freely, preventing a surprise attack from either side

What was the Soviet response to the Open Skies Proposal? Why?

They didn't like it, they didn't want open skies over their nation

Who is Nikita Khrushchev?

Stalin's successor

What is thought to be the "first thaw" of the cold war?

When Eisenohwer sugegsts that the US and SU might be able to coexist with each other

What was the US and SU competeing for in the Middle East, Latin America, Africa and Asia?

Influence on colonies that had collapsed after WW2

What does Eisenhower do out of fear of Soviet exoansion in the middle east?

Uses the CIA to undermine governemnt in Guatamala and Iran to install pro-US regimes; use of spies to keep communism from growing (covert operations)

Why did the CIA help overthrow the Iranian Prime Minister in 1953?

Iran was trying to take control of privately owned businesses that were operated in their country (nationalizing foreign oil compaines)

What happens after the CIA is successful in overthrowing Iranian government?

US implants the Shah of Iran in control of the region, although he was a brutal dictator he was pro US

What is the Suez Canal?

Waterway that connects the Mediterranean and Red Sea

Who controlled the Suez canal?

France and England

Who tried to nationalize the Suez Canal?

Nasser, president of Egypt

What does France England and Isreal do as a result of Nasser nationalizing the Suez canal?

Plan a secret attack on Egypt

What does the UN do during the Suez Canal Crisis?

Get involved right away and call for a descalation of the war and denationalization of the Suez Canal

What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?

similar to the Truman Doctrine, said that the US will stop the spread of communism not only in western europe but in the middle east aswell now thorugh the power of military aid AND troops

What was the U-2 incident?

the soviets shot down a US spy plane and the pilot, francis powers, was captured and put on trial for spying which relaxed tensions between USSR and US

What is the warning Eisenhower gives in his farewell address?

That the US has a growing military complex which needs to be brought under control. The US was spedning too much on the arms race and it had a negative impact on society

What is a big difference between Eisenhower's and Truman's involvement in the Cold War?

Truman only had to fight in western europe whereas eisenhower needed to be present in aisa and the middle east aswell as western europe

Who is George Kennan?

An American diplomat in Moscow who proposed a policy of containment

What is containment?

Trying to keep communism from spreading

What was the Long Telegram?

Explanation of Soviet Goals written by George Kennan where he suggested that the US follow the containment strategy

What was the impact of Kennan?

ended the traditional policy of isolation, (staying out of foreign affairs.)

What was the Truman Doctrine?

provide aid to anyone who was resisting communism

What is the historical context of the Truman Doctrine?

Britain was no longer able to provide aid, in the form of money, to Greece and Turkey and the US feared that the soviets would take over or provide influence to those countries, therefore the US gave economic aid

What is the impact of the Truman Doctrine?

we are further ripped away from isolationa nd are now directly influencing foreign affairs

Who was George Marshall?

A US Secretary of State who create the Marshall Plan

What was the Marshall Plan?

the economic recovery package of aid from the United States to western Europe after World War II

Why was eastern europe not allowed to gain anything from the Marshall Plan?

The soviets wouldn't allow it since they already had influence in eastern europe

Why was the marhsall plan pursued?

for containment purposes, make communism look less appealing to european countries

Both the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan shared the common goal of...

Containment

What was the impact of containment?

stripped america of isolationsit ideologies