Chapter 7 world history test

Who united the Frankish people into a kingdom and converted to Roman Catholicism?

King Clovis.

During which centuries did the Byzantine Empire face threats from the Arabs, Sassanids, Slavs, Bulgars, and Turks?

6th and 7th centuries.

What was the role of a Mayor of the Palace in the Frankish kingdom?

The head of household and the most powerful position during the Merovingian rule.

What significant title did Charlemagne hold after expanding the Frankish kingdom?

Crowned emperor of Western Rome.

What are the societal ideals of the Middle Ages as described?

Those who fight (knights), those who pray (clergy/monks), and those who work (peasants/serfs).

What does 'Hagia Sophia' mean and who ordered its construction?

Means 'divine wisdom'; built by Justinian.

What was the Carolingian Renaissance?

A revival of learning and culture during Charlemagne's rule, leading to the development of romance languages and education reforms.

What is Justinian Code also known as?

Corpus Juris Civilis (body of civil law), which became the basis of European law codes.

Which groups invaded Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries?

Magyars, Muslims, and Vikings.

What was the Treaty of Verdun?

It ended the Carolingian civil war and split the Frankish kingdom into three parts.

What was the iconoclast controversy about?

Debate over the use of icons in Christian worship, arguing they violated the 2nd commandment.

What did the Second Council of Nicaea achieve?

It ended the iconoclast controversy and allowed icons to be used as a guide to worship.

What was the Cyrillic alphabet created for?

To help communicate with Slavic people and spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

What was the primary economic activity in Byzantine population?

Subsistence farming, with most people living in small villages.

Who was Charles Martel and what did he accomplish?

A military commander who gained support by defeating Muslims at the Battle of Tours and converting Saxons to Christianity.

What factor contributed to the success of the Vikings in their raids?

Their long boats allowed them to travel up rivers and access weak and fractured kingdoms.

What cultural impact did the invasions bring to Europe?

They created new trade networks and stronger states while facilitating significant cultural exchanges.

What type of society did the Anglo-Saxons establish in the British Isles following the Roman withdrawal?

A new society influenced by Germanic customs post-Western Roman Empire.