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migration
permanent/semi-permanent relocation of people from 1 place to another
voluntary migration
moving away by choice
push factors
conditions that cause people to leave
pull factors
qualities of a place that causes a migrant to live in that new place
immigrant
move into a new country
emigrant
move out of og country
emigrate
moving out of og country
xenophobia
strong dislike for people of another culture
migration transition model
countries in stage 2/3 of the dtm = rapid pop. growth; overcrowding = less opportunities = push factor; people move away to stage 4/5 countries
intervening obstacles
things that make reaching a desired location harder
intervening opportunities
opportunities that disrupt the og migration plan
distance decay
the further apart 2 places are, the less likely it is that people will migrate between those 2 places
gravity model of migration
the size + distance between 2 countries influences the amount of interactions ; bigger pop. + econ. = more migrants
step migration
migrants reach their destination after a series of smaller moves
rural-to-urban migration
people move from rural → urban; more jobs in cities
remittances
money sent to a migrants family +/or friends in their og community
counter migration
same # of immigrants as emigrants in a country; country a → country b; country b → country a
return migration
immigrants go back to their og country
forced migration
involuntary; can be because of war, natural disasters, politics, ect.
internally displaced persons
people move to a dif part of the same country to escape from env crises, political events, policies, ect.
refugee
people that move to a dif country internationally to escape env crises, political events, policies, ect.
asylum
protection granted to a migrant by the gov w/ a legitimate fear of harm or death
voluntary migration
people choose to relocate
brain drain
when migration out of a country is made of mostly highly skilled people
internal migration
movement that occurs w/in a country
transnational migration
people move from 1 country to another; international
chain migration
when people migrate to a location because of others; same country of origin, family, friends, ect.
guest workers
transnational migrants that move to another country to provide labor that isn’t available locally
transhumance
when herders move w/ their animals to dif pastures because of season changes
guest-worker policies
regulate the # of workers who can temporarily move to each country to work in specific industries for defined time
family reunification
policies that allow migrants to sponsor family members to migrate to the country
ethnic enclaves
neighborhoods filled mostly w/ people of the same ethnic group