AP HUG Vocab Chapter 5

migration

permanent/semi-permanent relocation of people from 1 place to another

voluntary migration

moving away by choice

push factors

conditions that cause people to leave

pull factors

qualities of a place that causes a migrant to live in that new place

immigrant

move into a new country

emigrant

move out of og country

emigrate

moving out of og country

xenophobia

strong dislike for people of another culture

migration transition model

countries in stage 2/3 of the dtm = rapid pop. growth; overcrowding = less opportunities = push factor; people move away to stage 4/5 countries

intervening obstacles

things that make reaching a desired location harder

intervening opportunities

opportunities that disrupt the og migration plan

distance decay

the further apart 2 places are, the less likely it is that people will migrate between those 2 places

gravity model of migration

the size + distance between 2 countries influences the amount of interactions ; bigger pop. + econ. = more migrants

step migration

migrants reach their destination after a series of smaller moves

rural-to-urban migration

people move from rural → urban; more jobs in cities

remittances

money sent to a migrants family +/or friends in their og community

counter migration

same # of immigrants as emigrants in a country; country a → country b; country b → country a

return migration

immigrants go back to their og country

forced migration

involuntary; can be because of war, natural disasters, politics, ect.

internally displaced persons

people move to a dif part of the same country to escape from env crises, political events, policies, ect.

refugee

people that move to a dif country internationally to escape env crises, political events, policies, ect.

asylum

protection granted to a migrant by the gov w/ a legitimate fear of harm or death

voluntary migration

people choose to relocate

brain drain

when migration out of a country is made of mostly highly skilled people

internal migration

movement that occurs w/in a country

transnational migration

people move from 1 country to another; international

chain migration

when people migrate to a location because of others; same country of origin, family, friends, ect.

guest workers

transnational migrants that move to another country to provide labor that isn’t available locally

transhumance

when herders move w/ their animals to dif pastures because of season changes

guest-worker policies

regulate the # of workers who can temporarily move to each country to work in specific industries for defined time

family reunification

policies that allow migrants to sponsor family members to migrate to the country

ethnic enclaves

neighborhoods filled mostly w/ people of the same ethnic group