History-- !950s-1960s

brown vs Board of Ed

a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896,

Plessy V. Ferguson

Landmark 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld racial segregation as constitutional under the "separate but equal" doctrine.

1890s

When did PLessy V Ferguson happen

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Organization founded by MLK Jr. in 1957 to promote civil rights through nonviolent means in Alabama. Played a key role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington.

Bad

Economy in the U.S after WW2

Causes of bad Economy

1. **High unemployment**
2. **increase of ppl coming back** 
3. **demand of weapons decrease and factories stop producing war time weapons and have to change back to peacetime production**

Taft Hartely

Outlawed closed(all union) shops and required unions to pay for damages

GI bill

This government program provides financial assistance to veterans for education and training. It was created in 1944 to help returning World War II veterans transition back to civilian life. covers tuition, housing, and other educational expenses for eligible veterans.


1. **Help to ease soldiers back to everyday life. Gave job priority to veterans, 52 weeks of unemployment benefits, monthly allowance and low interest rates . Veterans also given monthly wages- many had opportunities for education cuz it payed for tuition**

Baby boom

A significant increase in the number of births that occurred between 1946 and 1964, following the end of World War II.


1. **With the return from war and the help of the GI bill domestic growth sped up creating the ……….. which was  the unprecedented population explosion after ww2. GI bill allowed men to start families and the prosperous economy encourage parents to have babies sooner with no fear of not being able to support their families. Also medicials science improved and increased the survival rate of babies**

nullification

The act of declaring a federal law invalid and unenforceable within a state's borders, typically based on the belief that the law is unconstitutional.

not

The Brown Vs BOE was---------- enforced

Caused Brown vs BoE

When the mother of Linda Brown and Terry Lynn had to walk to school through a dangerous raild road switch yard to get to the school bus when there was a closer all white school near them.

Topeka Kansas, 1950s

Where did the Brown Vs BOE happen

Why Brown Vs BOE went through

used 14 amendment and that despite the school being equal, due to the school being seperated by race, black people would feel inferior to the others and school was suppose to prepare kids to wanting to get good jobs but the inferority caused black kids to feel less likely to get said jobs

Freedom Riders

Group of civil rights activists who rode buses into the segregated South to challenge segregation in public transportation. From Washinton to New orleans

Montgomery Bus Boycott

arrest of Rosa Parks sparked a yr long bus boycott in Montgomery Alabama led by Martian Luther kind. This led to his rise as a civil rights leader. The boycott was useful b/c public transportation could not be supported without riders

Rosa Parks

Refused to sit in the back of the bus in Montgomery Alabama. Arrested for violating the Jim Crow Laws

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Minimal protection for minorities civil rights. Created a commision to investigate civil right violations. Authorized federal injunctions to enforce voting rights

Emmett Till

\: African American teenager who was brutally lynched in Mississippi in 1955 for allegedly whistling at a white woman. His death became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. He came from chicago and was forced outside his home, beaten, guaged his eye out and dumped in a river.

Emmett Till response

Mamie Bradley(mother of Emmett till) decided to have an open casket to show what had happened to her boy and the racist murderes- Less than two weeks later Milam and Bryant went on trial in a segerated courthouse in Summer Mississippi. They were determined unguilty and had no charges on kidnapping. They later told their story to the newspaper as they could not get arrested anymore.

woolworths lunch counter sit in

A peaceful protest against racial segregation at lunch counters in Woolworths stores, led by four African American college students in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1960. it turned into a nationwide sit in at resturants train stations and all sort of public places

Student non-violent Coordinating Committee(SNCC)

Organization founded in 1960 to advance civil rights for African Americans through nonviolent direct action and grassroots organizing. In collage/club

America’s economy improvement

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1. **The GI bill helped veterans buy homes and some started making towns creating jobs and helping the economy.- Expanding suburbanization and creating a new record demand for new goods and services which fuels the economy.**

 impact of Television

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1. **TV ownership rose as the cost of owning them dropped- 1952 TV guide outsold every other magazine and TV Dinner was introduced and altered American eating habits. Became the center of consumer culture. Shows like** ***Leave it to Beaver*** **and** ***I love Lucy*** **portrayed perfect families and a life that was not the reality of many homes- moms were domestic and pretty while Dads never worked late shits, never lost their temper and knew all the right answers. Children were obedient but adventurous.**

mpact of the Automobile

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1. **Allowed for people to spread outwards from cities to suburbs and allowed for easy transportation**

 impact of Advertising

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1. **It capitalized on the runaway consumerism by encouraging more spending- they were everywhere. It prompted people to buy goods and helped convince people to buy things they didn't need. Credit card companies used advertising to prompt buying on credit and the rise of franchise appealed to consumers and began to eat out more often**

 mass suburbanization in the 1950’s

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1. **New highways and the availability and affordability of automobiles and gasoline made transportation more possible**

**suburbanization help the economy**

As build grew more out and out from the cities more homes were being built in the suburbs- helped in the construction trade and helped give people jobs.

 traditional women's roles

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1. **being the homemaker and mother to their children- being a stay at home housewife. Glorified marriage and parenthood- women were told to be helpmates to their husbands and full time mothers.** 

women  traditional roles being reinforced

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1. **By the older generations and men and advertisement.  Popular magazines, movies and TV programs  promoted homemakers and housewives**

women roles changing

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1. **Women began to have jobs and take on less traditional roles. Also cars allowed for a new found freedom**