Ap euro: Unit 2 Vocab Terms

Protestant Reformation

a religious movement that took place in the Western Church in the 16th century that led to a new branch of Christianity known as Protestantism.

Indulgence

a remission of temporal punishment for sin. 

Simony

the buying and selling of Church appointments. 

Religious Pluralism

the idea that a society can have many different religions.

Nepotism

the appointment of family and friends to Church positions. 

Penance

voluntary self-punishment inflicted as an outward expression of repentance for having sinned. 

Holy Relic

a religious object that is the remains of a holy person’s body or belongings kept as an object of reverence.

Sacrament

an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace

Transubstantiation

the belief that the bread and wine from communion (eucharist) become the body and blood of Jesus when taken.

Sola Scriptura

the idea that the Bible alone is the sole source of authority. 

Sola Fide

salvation by faith alone. 

Priesthood of all believers

the idea that all Christians had access to God without the assistance of priests, bishops or the pope.

Diet of Worms

a formal meeting in the Holy Roman Empire in 1521 which was overseen by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, where Martin Luther decided not to recant his works.

Predestination

the idea that God already knows who will be saved and who will not.

The Elect

those chosen by God to be saved. 

Act of Supremacy

a series of English laws that established the Church of England with the monarch as its head. 

Puritans

a group of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to reform the Church of England. 

Concordat of Bologna

an agreement between King Francis I of France and the pope which allowed the Catholic Church to collect income from French churches, while the king gained the power to tax the clergy and appoint Catholic bishops in France. 

Huguenots

French Calvinists during 16th and 17th century France

Peace of Augsburg

a legal agreement that allowed each German ruler to determine whether residents of that state would be Catholic or Lutheran. 

Edict of Nantes

a policy in France starting in 1598 where the government recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but allowed Huguenots to worship freely in certain provinces. 

Peace of Westphalia

a series of treaties signed in 1648 that officially ended the Thirty Years War.

Catholic Reformation

a religious movement that happened in response to the Protestant Reformation where the Catholic Church evaluated its practices and beliefs. 

Roman Inquisition

introduced by the pope in 1542 it was an institution that defended official Catholic doctrines and tried to keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism. 

Index of Prohibited Books

a list of books that Catholic printers were not to print and Catholics were not to read. 

Jesuits

an all-male religious order established in 1540 that emphasized a life of poverty, obedience to authority, prayer, and communal living, and helped to convert millions to Roman Catholicism.

Council of Trent

a series of meetings held by Catholic leaders between 1543 and 1563 that was responsible for reaffirming traditional Catholic doctrine while addressing Church issues. 

Patriarchal

a society where men control government and public life as well as private households, while women are under the authority of their fathers or husbands. 

Dowry

the transfer of property or money that a woman would receive upon marriage. 

Primogeniture

a system of inheritance in which a person's property passes to their firstborn legitimate child upon their death

La Querelle des Femmes

an academic debate that began in the 1530s over whether women were fit to attend university, and eventually expanded into broader questions about gender relations

Charivari

a loud, public mock parade, with clanging pots and pans to make rough music in order to socially intimidate or shame someone. 

Mannerism

a 16th century artistic movement that replaced the traditional principles of balance and harmony with more distortion and illusion to add drama to their works. 

Baroque

a 16th and 17th century artistic movement that brought together Renaissance classical traditions and the strong religious feelings stirred up by the Reformation.