Chinese Civil War Noun Check

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foreign devils

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I am once again asking for your financial support for my making of this Quizlet 2-3 terms are blank, if you know them lmk, thanks

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144 Terms
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foreign devils

imperialist powers including Britain, France, and Japan who exploited China's economic assets.

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foreign concessions/foreign enclaves

areas in china governed by foreign powers also had foreign laws

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International Settlement

area in Shanghai that included many non-Chinese and operated as an independent city.

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bourgeois classes

middle class property owners

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Marxism

"communism", policy that the CCP aligned more with, the people would revolt, class warfare, government would retain absolute power.

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proletariat

the working class in industrialized society, would lead the class revolution in Marxism.

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guerrilla style campaign

CCP's fighting style - small groups burst fighting

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mobile defense

  • new CCP strategy

  • successful

  • protect territory-don't expand, weaken enemy via ambush

  • kinda like an anaconda

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conscripts

avg citizens in army

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recruitment gangs

  • Sent to countryside to get troops by Nationalists

  • used brutal methods

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corvee labor

a labor tax of unpaid work by CCP

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cooperative farms

individually owned but collectively managed and worked farms

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collective farms

no individual ownership, collectively managed farms

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Generalissimo

military commander - Chiang

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Pu Yi

Last emperor of China

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Yuan Shikai

  • used military power to get power after collapse of the Qing dynasty

  • death created power vacuum

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Sun Yatsen

established Nationalist Party (1912) inspired "three principles of the people"

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Chiang Kai-shek

leader of nat. party -> chairman of nat. gov

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General Ba Chongxi

anti-commie general under Chiang, led the White Terror

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Otto Braun

German general

  • told commies to get rid of guerilla - bad idea - got booted out

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Mao Zedong

  • leader of CCP

  • created "Maoism"

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Liu Wenhui

  • nat. war lord

  • led clash at Luding Bridge

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Yan Xishan in Shanxi

  • regional warlord

  • Chiang made alliance w/ him

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Zhang Xueliang in Manchuria

  • regional warlord

  • Chiang made alliance w/ him

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Dai Li

head of the Investigation and Statistical Bureau

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Soongs

  • Chiang's relatives

  • Chiang promoted and relied on them -> corruption

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General Joseph Stilwell

  • U.S. commander

  • said Chiang is corrupt and incompetent

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General Albert C. Wedemeyer

  • US Army chief

  • said Chiang made mistake @ shanhaiguan pass by diverting troops from important areas

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Lin Biao

Chinese commander under Mao; trained at Chiang Kai-shek's Whampoa Academy in the 1920s

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Fu Zuoyi

  • Nationalist commander

  • surrendered Beijing

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Dean Acheson

  • US secretary of state

  • said U.S aid shoulda been good enough for Nationalists to win, they didn't win cuz Nationalists sucked

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George Marshall

  • US general

  • unify nats and commies in non-commie gov to act as a wall for soviets

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Madame Chiang

  • Wife of Chiang Kai-shek

  • Incresed US support for the Chinese Civil War- Nationalist

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"Three Principles of the People"

Nationalist ideology nationalism, popular sovereignty, and the principle of the people's livelihood

  • inspired by Sun yatsen

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"Manifesto of the First National Congress of the Nationalist Party"

The nationalist document containing the Three Principles of the People

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"principle of the people's livelihood"

aimed to improve the welfare of the people

  • redistribute land

  • nationalization

  • state support

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Mao Zedong Thought

Mao's interpretation of Marxism

  • make marxism fit in china

  • peasant revolution

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New Life Movement

  • nationalist

  • encourage morals and obedience to state

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Treaty of Tanggu

Chiang acknowledged independence of Manchukuo to Japan

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trading space for time

  • Chiang's strategy to not engage Japan and wait because they'd spread themselves thin

  • showed Chiang as weak

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Strongpoint Offensive

lack of success in Manchuria prompted Chiang to focus on cities in central and eastern provinces

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urban strategic focus

  • focus on holding key cities across multiple provinces without securing the countryside

  • left Nationalist forces overextended and vulnerable to seige

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social revolution

overthrow of society's state and class structures and creation of new ones

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On New Democracy by Mao

  • Maos book

  • how china will pursue a different path to democracy

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general mobilization bill

  • issued by Chiang to give nats. unrestricted power of conscripts

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Civil Code of 1930

  • Divorce is ok

  • arranged marriage no more

  • equal inheritance

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labor law in 1931

  • women should be payed same as men

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Marriage Law of May 1950

  • divorce is ok

  • no arranged marriage

  • husband can't divorce pregnant wife

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Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces

severe famine

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Hunan Province

  • rents frequently 70% of the value of crops produced

  • Autumn Harvest Uprising took place here

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Shanghai

  • large urban area

  • lots of death in slums

  • International Settlement

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Canton

  • 2nd CCP counterattack here

  • nats won

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Jiangxi Soviet

post white terror base for soviet leaders

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Yanan Province

new base for CCP after long march

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Manchuria

Japan occupied, then when they left, conflict started here again btwn CCP and nats

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puppet state of Manchukuo

idk, text me if you have it plz

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Chongqing

  • Nationalists moved capital here during the second Sino-Japanese War

  • citizens felt gov abandoned them

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Shandong

CCP in strong position to take

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Shenyang

Japanese arms depot that the Soviets gave the CCP access to

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Shanhaiguan Pass

  • first confrontation

  • nat won but this diverted troops

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Harbin

CCP's last urban stronghold in Manchuria

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Sangari River Camp

CCP inflicted considerable casualties on Nationalists and captured their weaponry

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Shijiazhuang in Hebei province

first major city captured by the CCP

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Siping

second major city captured by the CCP

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separatist regions of Tibet and Xinjiang

outside of CCP and NAT control until after war

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Opium Wars

Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mid 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes.

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Taiping Rebellion

(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.

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Hundred Days of Reform

A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.

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Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils"

  • ended by brit troops

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First Sino-Japanese War

conflict between China and Japan in 1894-1895 over control of Korea

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Revolution of 1911-1912

inspired by Nationalist Party ideals, caused the Qing Dynasty to collapse

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May Fourth Movement

A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence

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The Northern Expedition

CCP and nationalist joint campaign to defeat warlords

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White Terror

  • attacks on CCP by green gang

  • sanctioned by Chiang

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Autumn Harvest Uprising

  • First CCP uprising

  • Guerilla style

  • Nats won

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encirclement campaigns

  • nationalist gov aim to destroy commies

  • defensive victory for commies first 4 times

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Fifth Encirclement Campaign

only successful encirclement campaign by Nationalists

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Battle at Guangchang

  • CCP counterattack to fifth encirclement campaign

  • FAIL - CCP Evacuation

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Long March

  • CCP retreat to Yunan while being followed by nats

  • 20k of 90k survived

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Clashes at Luding Bridge over the Dadu River

  • CCP fought Lin Wenhuis troops here

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Zunyi Conference

  • January 1935 during the Long March

  • declared that Mao was leader of the party.

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9 December Movement

students demonstrated against Japanese invasions and Chiang's response

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Xi'an Incident

the warlord Zhang Xueliang was supposed to attack a CCP base but instead turned on Chiang and kidnapped him. Chiang was released after agreeing to the Second United Front

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guerrilla campaigns

initiated against Japan by CCP

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