Tags & Description
foreign devils
imperialist powers including Britain, France, and Japan who exploited China's economic assets.
foreign concessions/foreign enclaves
areas in china governed by foreign powers also had foreign laws
International Settlement
area in Shanghai that included many non-Chinese and operated as an independent city.
bourgeois classes
middle class property owners
Marxism
"communism", policy that the CCP aligned more with, the people would revolt, class warfare, government would retain absolute power.
proletariat
the working class in industrialized society, would lead the class revolution in Marxism.
guerrilla style campaign
CCP's fighting style - small groups burst fighting
mobile defense
new CCP strategy
successful
protect territory-don't expand, weaken enemy via ambush
kinda like an anaconda
conscripts
avg citizens in army
recruitment gangs
Sent to countryside to get troops by Nationalists
used brutal methods
corvee labor
a labor tax of unpaid work by CCP
cooperative farms
individually owned but collectively managed and worked farms
collective farms
no individual ownership, collectively managed farms
Generalissimo
military commander - Chiang
Pu Yi
Last emperor of China
Yuan Shikai
used military power to get power after collapse of the Qing dynasty
death created power vacuum
Sun Yatsen
established Nationalist Party (1912) inspired "three principles of the people"
Chiang Kai-shek
leader of nat. party -> chairman of nat. gov
General Ba Chongxi
anti-commie general under Chiang, led the White Terror
Otto Braun
German general
told commies to get rid of guerilla - bad idea - got booted out
Mao Zedong
leader of CCP
created "Maoism"
Liu Wenhui
nat. war lord
led clash at Luding Bridge
Yan Xishan in Shanxi
regional warlord
Chiang made alliance w/ him
Zhang Xueliang in Manchuria
regional warlord
Chiang made alliance w/ him
Dai Li
head of the Investigation and Statistical Bureau
Soongs
Chiang's relatives
Chiang promoted and relied on them -> corruption
General Joseph Stilwell
U.S. commander
said Chiang is corrupt and incompetent
General Albert C. Wedemeyer
US Army chief
said Chiang made mistake @ shanhaiguan pass by diverting troops from important areas
Lin Biao
Chinese commander under Mao; trained at Chiang Kai-shek's Whampoa Academy in the 1920s
Fu Zuoyi
Nationalist commander
surrendered Beijing
Dean Acheson
US secretary of state
said U.S aid shoulda been good enough for Nationalists to win, they didn't win cuz Nationalists sucked
George Marshall
US general
unify nats and commies in non-commie gov to act as a wall for soviets
Madame Chiang
Wife of Chiang Kai-shek
Incresed US support for the Chinese Civil War- Nationalist
"Three Principles of the People"
Nationalist ideology nationalism, popular sovereignty, and the principle of the people's livelihood
inspired by Sun yatsen
"Manifesto of the First National Congress of the Nationalist Party"
The nationalist document containing the Three Principles of the People
"principle of the people's livelihood"
aimed to improve the welfare of the people
redistribute land
nationalization
state support
Mao Zedong Thought
Mao's interpretation of Marxism
make marxism fit in china
peasant revolution
New Life Movement
nationalist
encourage morals and obedience to state
Treaty of Tanggu
Chiang acknowledged independence of Manchukuo to Japan
trading space for time
Chiang's strategy to not engage Japan and wait because they'd spread themselves thin
showed Chiang as weak
Strongpoint Offensive
lack of success in Manchuria prompted Chiang to focus on cities in central and eastern provinces
urban strategic focus
focus on holding key cities across multiple provinces without securing the countryside
left Nationalist forces overextended and vulnerable to seige
social revolution
overthrow of society's state and class structures and creation of new ones
On New Democracy by Mao
Maos book
how china will pursue a different path to democracy
general mobilization bill
issued by Chiang to give nats. unrestricted power of conscripts
Civil Code of 1930
Divorce is ok
arranged marriage no more
equal inheritance
labor law in 1931
women should be payed same as men
Marriage Law of May 1950
divorce is ok
no arranged marriage
husband can't divorce pregnant wife
Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces
severe famine
Hunan Province
rents frequently 70% of the value of crops produced
Autumn Harvest Uprising took place here
Shanghai
large urban area
lots of death in slums
International Settlement
Canton
2nd CCP counterattack here
nats won
Jiangxi Soviet
post white terror base for soviet leaders
Yanan Province
new base for CCP after long march
Manchuria
Japan occupied, then when they left, conflict started here again btwn CCP and nats
puppet state of Manchukuo
idk, text me if you have it plz
Chongqing
Nationalists moved capital here during the second Sino-Japanese War
citizens felt gov abandoned them
Shandong
CCP in strong position to take
Shenyang
Japanese arms depot that the Soviets gave the CCP access to
Shanhaiguan Pass
first confrontation
nat won but this diverted troops
Harbin
CCP's last urban stronghold in Manchuria
Sangari River Camp
CCP inflicted considerable casualties on Nationalists and captured their weaponry
Shijiazhuang in Hebei province
first major city captured by the CCP
Siping
second major city captured by the CCP
separatist regions of Tibet and Xinjiang
outside of CCP and NAT control until after war
Opium Wars
Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mid 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes.
Taiping Rebellion
(1850-1864) A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their failure to deal effectively with the opium problem and the interference of foreigners.
Hundred Days of Reform
A series of Western-style reforms launched in 1898 by the Chinese government in an attempt to meet the foreign challenge.
Boxer Rebellion
1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils"
ended by brit troops
First Sino-Japanese War
conflict between China and Japan in 1894-1895 over control of Korea
Revolution of 1911-1912
inspired by Nationalist Party ideals, caused the Qing Dynasty to collapse
May Fourth Movement
A 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence
The Northern Expedition
CCP and nationalist joint campaign to defeat warlords
White Terror
attacks on CCP by green gang
sanctioned by Chiang
Autumn Harvest Uprising
First CCP uprising
Guerilla style
Nats won
encirclement campaigns
nationalist gov aim to destroy commies
defensive victory for commies first 4 times
Fifth Encirclement Campaign
only successful encirclement campaign by Nationalists
Battle at Guangchang
CCP counterattack to fifth encirclement campaign
FAIL - CCP Evacuation
Long March
CCP retreat to Yunan while being followed by nats
20k of 90k survived
Clashes at Luding Bridge over the Dadu River
CCP fought Lin Wenhuis troops here
Zunyi Conference
January 1935 during the Long March
declared that Mao was leader of the party.
9 December Movement
students demonstrated against Japanese invasions and Chiang's response
Xi'an Incident
the warlord Zhang Xueliang was supposed to attack a CCP base but instead turned on Chiang and kidnapped him. Chiang was released after agreeing to the Second United Front
guerrilla campaigns
initiated against Japan by CCP