5.1 - 5.3 Vocab

Administration

Staff of the executive branch.

Precedent

An act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to be followed.

Cabinet

Heads of the executive departments who meet as a group to advise the President.

Tariff

Taxes on imported goods to raise revenue for the federal government and to protect domestic industries.

Loose construction

A belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the Constitution.

Strict construction

A belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the Constitution.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey.

Political party

An organization of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to shape government policy.

Democratic Republicans

Led by Jefferson and Madison, one of the first political parties in the United States, also known as the Republicans.

Federalists

A political party that supported a strong central government.

Thomas Jefferson

An American farmer, author, architect, lawyer, and statesman who served as the first Secretary of State and the third President.

Little Turtle

An American Indian leader of the Miami people who opposed American expansion.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A 1794 battle in which federal troops defeated the Miami Confederacy.

French Revolution

An uprising against the French monarchy that began in 1789.

John Jay

A New York attorney who served as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic controversy in 1798 where French officials demanded bribes from American negotiators.

Alien and Sedition Acts

1798 laws allowing the government to imprison or deport non-citizen immigrants and prosecute critics.

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

State resolutions passed in 1798 declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional.

Aaron Burr

The third Vice President of the United States who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

Bureaucracy

A group of departments and officials that make up an organization, such as government.

John Marshall

The fourth Chief Justice of the United States who advanced judicial power and federalism.

Judicial review

The power of the Supreme Court to decide whether acts of a president or laws passed by Congress are constitutional.

Marbury v Madison

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 purchase from France of territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

The 1804 expedition sent by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory.

Barbary War

A war between the Barbary States and the United States.

Impressment

A policy of seizing people or property for military or public service.

Embargo

An official ban or restriction on trade.

Tecumseh

A Shawnee warrior who led a resistance movement among American Indians.

William Henry Harrison

Governor of Indiana Territory who attacked Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

James Madison

Known as the father of the Constitution and president during the War of 1812.

Battle of Tippecanoe

An 1811 battle where U.S. troops defeated American Indians led by Tecumseh.

War Hawks

Members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain in the years before the War of 1812.

War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Great Britain that was resolved in January 1815.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh U.S. President and a general in the War of 1812.

Francis Scott Key

The author of 'The Star-Spangled Banner,' the U.S. national anthem.

The Star-Spangled Banner

The name of the U.S. national anthem.

Battle of New Orleans

A decisive battle in the War of 1812 where the U.S. defeated the British.

Treaty of Ghent

An 1814 agreement that ended the War of 1812.

Hartford Convention

An 1814 meeting of Federalists opposing the War of 1812.