5.1 - 5.3 Vocab
5.1
Administration - staff of the executive branch
Precedent - an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to be followed
Cabinet - heads of the executive departments who meet as a group in order to advise the President
Tariff - Taxes on imported goods to raise revenue for the federal government and to protect
loose construction - a belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the Constitution
strict construction - a belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the Constitution
Whiskey Rebellion - a 1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey
political party - an organization of people who seek to win elections and hold public office in order to shape government policy
Democratic Republicans - led by Jefferson and Madison, one of the first political parties in the United States and also known as the Republicans
Federalists -
Thomas Jefferson - Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) was an American farmer, landholder, author, architect, lawyer, and statesman. He served as a diplomat to France and as the nation's first secretary of state, second vice president, and third president. Jefferson also founded the University of Virginia.
Little Turtle - Little Turtle (c. 1752–1812) was an American Indian leader of the Miami people. Resisting American expansion into the Northwest Territory, Little Turtle's forces won several victories against U.S. troops in 1790 and 1791. Little Turtle signed the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, ceding much of Ohio and parts of Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan to the United States.
Battle of Fallen Timbers - a 1794 battle in which federal troops defeated the Miami Confederacy of American Indians
French Revolution - an uprising against the French monarchy that began in 1789
John Jay - John Jay (1745–1829), a New York attorney, joined the Patriot cause during the American Revolution and served in the Continental Congress. He went on to serve as president of the Continental Congress and as a diplomat to Spain and France. Jay helped win favorable terms for the new nation in the Treaty of Paris. After the war, Jay continued in public service, and advocated ardently for ratification of the Constitution. As a Federalist, he wrote five of the essays included in The Federalist , under the pen name Publius. He was appointed the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court by George Washington.
XYZ Affair - a diplomatic controversy in 1798 in which French officials demanded bribes of American negotiators
Alien and Sedition Acts - 1798 laws that allowed the government to imprison or deport non-citizen immigrants, known as aliens, and to prosecute those who criticized the government
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions - state resolutions passed in 1798 declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional
Aaron Burr - Aaron Burr (1756–1836) was the third Vice President of the United States. Angered by comments made by Alexander Hamilton, Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804, during which Hamilton was killed.
5.2
Bureaucracy - a group of departments and officials that make up an organization, such as a government
John Marshall - John Marshall (1755–1835) was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States. After serving under George Washington in the Revolutionary War, including the winter at Valley Forge, Marshall held various law and political positions. As chief justice, Marshall participated in more than 1,000 decisions, writing more than 500 of them himself, often advancing and defending judicial power and the principles of American federalism.
Judicial review - the power of the Supreme Court to decide whether acts of a president or laws passed by Congress are constitutional
Marbury v Madison - the 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review
Louisiana Purchase - the 1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains
Lewis and Clark Expedition - the 1804 expedition sent by President Jefferson to explore the newly-acquired Louisiana Territory
Barbary War - a war between the Barbary States and the United States
Impressment - a policy of seizing people or property for military or public service
Embargo - an official ban or restriction on trade
5.3
Tecumseh - Tecumseh (1768–1813) was a Shawnee warrior from the Ohio Valley who spearheaded a spiritual and military resistance movement among American Indians in the early 1800s. Tecumseh actively resisted the United States, fighting in battles, rejecting treaties, and traveling widely to convince American Indian groups that they were all one people and that no one group had the right to make a treaty.
William Henry Harrison - Governor of Indiana Territory, attacks Tecumseh in Battle of tippecanoe, winning
James Madison - (president 1809-1817) Virginian James Madison was known as the father of the Constitution. He was a friend of Thomas Jefferson and also a Democratic Republican. He led America through the war of 1812
Battle of Tippecanoe - an 1811 battle in the Indiana Territory between American Indians and United States troops in which the American Indians were defeated, they go to the British for help
War Hawks -members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain in the years leading up to the War of 1812
War of 1812 - battle when the United States defeated the British in January of 1815
Andrew Jackson - Andrew Jackson (1767–1845) was an American military officer before serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate, and finally as the seventh U.S. President from 1829 to 1837. As a general in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812, Jackson successfully defended New Orleans. As President, he vetoed the renewal of the charter of the Bank of the United States, opposed the nullification issue in South Carolina, and initiated the spoils system.
Francis Scott Key - Francis Scott Key (1779–1843) was an American lawyer and amateur poet who is best known as the author of the "The Star-Spangled Banner," which became the U.S. national anthem in 1931.
“The Star-Spangled Banner” - The name of our national anthem
Battle of New Orleans - War of 1812 battle when the United States defeated the British in January of 1815
Treaty of Ghent - an 1814 agreement that ended the War of 1812
Hartford Convention - an 1814 meeting of Federalists from New England who opposed the War of 1812 and demanded constitutional amendments to empower the region
William Henry Harrison - governor of Indiana Territory, decides to attack Tecumseh-Battle of Tippecanoe (1811). America won. This would make the native tribes seek help from the British.