Bio 150 Exam 1 - Objectives: Cell Structure & Function

What are the basic components found in all cells?

All cells have a plasma membrane cytoplasm DNA and ribosomes.

What does the plasma membrane do?

It controls what enters and leaves the cell and helps maintain homeostasis.

What is the cytoplasm?

The cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid inside the cell where chemical reactions occur.

What is the function of DNA in a cell?

DNA stores genetic information used to make proteins and control cell functions.

What are ribosomes?

Ribosomes are structures that build proteins from amino acids.

What does Cell Theory state?

All living things are made of cells cells are the basic units of life and all cells come from preexisting cells.

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotes have both.

What is the main difference between bacterial and archaeal cells?

They differ in membrane structure and genetic makeup.

What are organelles?

Organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions.

What is the function of the nucleus?

The nucleus stores DNA and controls cell activities.

What is the function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis in plant cells.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network that helps synthesize and transport proteins and lipids.

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

The Golgi apparatus modifies sorts and packages proteins and other molecules for transport.

What are lysosomes?

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris.

What is the cytoskeleton?

The cytoskeleton gives the cell shape support and helps with movement.

What is the function of the cell wall?

The cell wall provides structure and protection to plant fungal and bacterial cells.

How do molecules move across membranes?

Molecules move through passive transport active transport or facilitated diffusion.

How can you classify an organism by its cellular properties?

By identifying if it has a nucleus cell wall or specific organelles you can determine its domain or kingdom.