GEO EXAM PREP

Conservation

Sustainable management of natural resources to prevent depletion.

Non-renewable resources

Resources like fossil fuels that cannot be replenished within a human lifespan.

Resource flow

Movement and usage of resources through the economy.

Natural resources

Earth-derived resources supporting life and meeting needs (e.g., water, wood).

Renewable resources

Resources like solar energy that can be naturally replenished over short periods.

Waste diversion

Strategies like recycling to reduce waste sent to landfills.

Leachate

Contaminated liquid percolating through a landfill.

Methane

Greenhouse gas produced by anaerobic decomposition in landfills.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)

Policy where producers are responsible for post-consumer product treatment.

Primary resources & industries

Raw materials and extraction processes (e.g., logging, mining).

Secondary resources & industries

Processing and manufacturing of primary resources (e.g., steel production).

Tertiary resources & industries

Services provided to consumers and businesses (e.g., retail, healthcare).

Primary Industries

Involved in the extraction and collection of natural resources.

Secondary Industries

Engaged in the manufacturing and processing of raw materials into finished products.

Tertiary Industries

Provide services rather than goods.

Primary Resource Extraction

Involves natural deposits, forests, oceans, and agricultural land.

Secondary Industries Location Factors

Include proximity to raw materials, access to labor, and transportation infrastructure.

Tertiary Industries Growth Factors

Include urbanization, technological advancements, and economic development.

7 Main Location Factors for Industries

Raw materials, labor supply, transportation, energy supply, market proximity, government policies, environmental impact.

Manufactured Goods

Mostly from regions with established industrial bases like East Asia.

Supply Chains and Issues

Covering processes from raw material extraction to final product delivery.

Shipping Methods

Include road, rail, sea, and air with respective pros and cons.

Recycling in Canada

Faces issues like contamination and limited markets, with solutions like improved sorting technologies.

Resource Management and Sustainability

Involves sustainable use of resources to meet current needs without compromising future generations.

"Resources are not, they become."

Resources gain value through human use and technology.

Canada’s Main Resources for Export

Include oil, natural gas, timber, minerals, and agricultural products.

Government Incentives for Sustainability

Use carrot and stick approaches like subsidies and regulations.

Carbon Tax

A tax on carbon emissions to incentivize reduction.

Categories of Natural Resources

Renewable, non-renewable, flow, and biological resources.

Increasing Resource Sustainability

Suggestions include reduce, reuse, recycle, and promote sustainable practices.

Importance of Resource Use

Ensures environmental protection, economic stability, and social responsibility.