Energy & Metabolism

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on Energy & Metabolism.

Phospholipids

A type of lipid molecule that forms the bilayer of cell membranes.

Tonicity

The comparison of solute concentrations inside and outside of a cell, affecting water movement.

Active Transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Osmosis

The passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells, used for energy-requiring processes.

Diffusion

The passive movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Endocytosis

The process of taking substances into a cell by engulfing them in a vesicle.

Exocytosis

The process of moving substances out of a cell by vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with the same solute concentration as another solution, resulting in no net water movement.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower solute concentration than another solution, causing water to enter the cell.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher solute concentration than another solution, causing water to exit the cell.

Anabolic Reactions

Metabolic processes that build up molecules, requiring energy input.

Catabolic Reactions

Metabolic processes that break down molecules, releasing energy.

Concentration Gradient

The difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.

Secondary Active Transport

Transport that uses the energy from the primary transport of ions to drive the movement of another substance.

Na+/K+ Pump

A primary active transport mechanism that moves sodium out of and potassium into the cell, essential for maintaining cellular functions.

Facilitated Diffusion

The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules or ions across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane proteins.