Bio Unit 1

emergent properties

reproduction, growth and development, order and structure, metabolism, respiration, response to environmental stimuli, adaptation and evolution, and autonomous movement

Disulfide (-S-S-) bond between two cysteines 

covalent bond

Even though H-bonding occurs in ammonia and ethanol, they cannot be used to replace water in living cells because

of water’s solvent and reactant properties

1 mL equals __ gram(s)

1

what type of molecule is this? C₁₄H₃₀O₂

fatty acid

Decreasing pH will decrease enzyme activity because of the disruption of

secondary and tertiary structure

the 5’ ends of RNA polymers have ____ groups attached to the number 5 carbons of ribose

phosphate

what property of water is most essential to support life

water’s medium and reactant properties for biochem reactions

mRNA

messenger RNA; carries info from DNA to translate to protein

rRNA

ribosol; major part of ribosomes for protein synthesis

tRNA

transfer; transfers amino acids during protein synthesis

You are given a polysaccharide consisting of 67 glucose molecules. Hydrolysis of this polysaccharide would result in the production of

67 glucose molecules

eukarya kingdoms

protista, fungi, plantae, animalia

protista

mostly unicellular eukaryotes; heterotrophic; phototrophic; some multicellular

fungi

mostly multicellular but some unicellular; heterotrophic

plantae

all higher plants including flowering (angiosperm) and non-flowering (gymnosperm); flowering plants include monocot and dicot; all autotrophs

animalia

all animals; multicellular and heterotrophic

what molecule is this

carotenoid

what is a model system

representative organism or a cell type used for conducting simple to complex biological experiments

example of prokaryotic model system

e. coli

example of plant model systems

corn, rice, and arabidopsis

example of fungi model system

yeast

examples of animal model systems

fruit fly, nematode, mouse, zebra fish, human cells

mass number

amount of protons + neutrons

molecular weight is

is atomic mass but in amu

what is this

glycerol

holism

studying whole organisms

reductionism

studying multicellular organisms at tissue or cell or molecular level

covalent bonding

~ 50 - 170 kcal/mol

ionic and h-bond

~3-7 kcal/mol

van der waals

abt 1 kcal/mol

examples of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

examples of disaccharides

sucrose, lactose, maltose

examples of storage polysaccharides

starch (plants) and glycogen (animals

examples of structural polysaccharides

cellulose (plant walls), callose (plant wound sites), chitin (fungal walls)

in vivo studies

living conditions

in vitro studies

non living conditions

in situ studies

determine the presence of certain molecules

in sillico studies

computer analysis of data to draw conclusions or identify patterns in genome or gene expression studies

inductive

specific observations make general statement

deductive

general observations make specific statement

Kw

[H+] X [OH-]