UCBEX PHARM Module 9

False

Somatostatin is secreted from S cells. T or F

Histamine

Which of the following does NOT regulate the release of HCl from parietal cells?

Histamine

Prostaglandins

Bicarbonate

Gastrin

Mylanta is used to treat diarrhea

Which of the following statements is FALSE about mylanta?

1.Mylanta is a proprietary mix of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide

2. The aluminum hydroxide component of Mylanta causes constipation

3. Mylanta lowers stomach acid

4. Mylanta is used to treat diarrhea

True

Omeprazole irreversibly binds and inhibits the H+-K+ ATPase. T or F

Decreases mucus production

Misoprostol produces all of the effects EXCEPT:

Enhances mucosal defense

Inhibits histamine-stimulated acid secretion

Decreases mucus production

Increases bicarbonate secretion

True

Sucralfate acts as a mucosal protectant by electrostatically binding to exposed positively charged tissues. T or F

False

The majority of peptic ulcers are caused by stress. T or F

Pepto Bismol

Bismuth chelate is most commonly known as

All of the above

Which of the following statements is true about Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Omperazole is the primary treatment of choice

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is the result of a gastrin secreting tumor

Affected individuals develop multiple ulcers

Loperamide

The antimotility agent used to treat traveller's diarrhea as a result of bacterial toxins released in the gastrointestinal tract is

Somatostatin

Octreotide is a synthetic octapeptide with similar actions to

5-HT3 receptor

Ondansetron is an antagonist to what receptor?

True

The blood brain barrier is absent at the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla. T or F

Dihydrofolate reductase

Methotrexate inhibits which enzyme?

True

There is no known root cause to irritable bowel syndrome and therefore no cure. T or F

True

Inflammatory bowel disease is an autoimmune disorder. T or F

Infliximab

Which of the following immunosuppressants is an antibody against TNF-α?

They may prevent proliferation of cells involved in the determination and amplification of the immune response. IBS is an autoimmune response- these drugs may help prevent the immune response.

The purine antagonists, 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine, mechanistically inhibit several enzymes required for nucleotide synthesis. How can these drugs be used to treat inflammatory bowel disease?

Alka seltzer produces salt which can effect cardiac output.

Why should patients experiencing hypertension be advised to NOT take alka seltzer as an over the counter antacid to treat mild heartburn?

GERD is a result of inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter which allows the gastric contents to flow back into the esophagus. This occurs above the stomach wheres cholinergic receptor agonist increases the GI contractions and propulsion below the stomach.

Explain why a cholinergic receptor agonist is useful for gastroparesis but not for gastoesophageal reflux disease?

Somatostatin

Gastrin secretion is regulated by which of the following molecules?

False

H1 receptor antagonists can be utilized to treat Gastroesphageal reflex disorder. T or F

Promote the release of gastrin

The chronic administration of NSAIDs cause all of the following effects that result in the development of peptic ulcers EXCEPT?

Directly destroy the mucosal layer as an acidic compound

Increase the release of protons from parietal cells

Decrease the production of mucus

Promote the release of gastrin

Cinnarizine

All of the following should be administered to treat a peptic ulcer that arises as a result of an infection with Helicobacter pylori EXCEPT?

Amoxicillin

Omeprazole

Clarithromycin

Cinnarizine

True

Bethanechol is ideally suited to treat gastroparesis as a cholinergic agonist that is not well absorbed following oral administration. T or F

Relieving pain and discomfort in the abdominal cavity and improving bowel function

Pharmacological approaches designed to treat irritable bowel syndrome include?

Activation of a defecation reflex

Metamucil is an effective laxative mechanistically due to

These agents target nucleotide synthesis decreasing the immune response. Without activation, the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines is blocked which block the growth and expansion of Tcells- which are immune cells.

How are pharmacological agents targeting nucleotide synthesis effective as immunosuppresants?

Cyclosporin binds to the 56kDa immunophilin, releasing the heat shock proteins bound to the glucocorticoid receptor. This frees the glucocorticoid receptor to translocate into the nucleus and modify gene transcription.

Describe the molecular mechanism by which Cyclosporine is utilized to treat Inflammatory bowel disorder?