Exploration

Henry the Navigator

School for sailors in hopes of retaking the holy land

De Gama

1st to reach India while going all the way around Africa

Magellan

First to circumnavigate the glove

Cortez

Spanish, conquered Aztecs

Cabral

Portuguese, went to Brazil

Pope Alexander VI

Settled colonization problem between Portugal and Spain

Francis Drake

Famous pirate/sea dog

Pizarro

Conquered Incans

Phillip 2

sent the Spanish navy to fight the british

Charles 1

Set up rules for colonists

Balboa

Discovered pacific

Vespucci

Described the coast to German map maker

Columbus

Discovered the new world while looking for China

Isabella

Queen of Spain, financed Columbus

Conquistadors

Spanish explorers and soldiers who claimed territories in the Americas for Spain.

Laws of the Indies

First set of laws established by the Spanish in the New World

Tordesillas

Treaty that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal for the purpose of colonization

Sea Dogs

English pirates

Chattel

Slavery in America

Triangular Trade

Set up to enhance trade w/ European countries

Middle Passage

The forced journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas, characterized by brutal conditions.

Sugar

Product slaves were forced to work for originally

Portugal + Spain

Leading countries in exploration

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable ship developed by the Portuguese in the 15th century, ideal for exploration and long voyages.

Northwest passage

nonexistent, french and english explorers kept hitting America

Mercantilism

export more than you import, dominance of trade and accumulation of wealth. A founding economic theory that emphasizes the importance of a positive trade balance and government regulation of the economy to enhance national power and wealth.

Potatoes

Easily grown, great food for all people