233 Week 4 medical lang vocab

Ab

prefix meaning away from

Ad

prefix meaning toward

Circum

prefix meaning around

Dorsi

prefix meaning back

Hyper

prefix meaning high, elevated, above normal

Osteo

prefix meaning bone

Joint

point where two or more bones in the body meet

Fibrous joints

bones joined by fibrous tissue such as the sutures joining the bones of the skull

Cartilaginous joints

bones joined by cartilage such a s the vertebrae

Synovial joints

bones separated by a fluid filled joint cavity

Bursae

synovial fluid filled sacs that protect some ligaments from friction

Tendons

tough fibrous bands that attach muscle to bone or attach muscle to muscle

Gliding

one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface. Bones are merely displaced in relation to one another

Flexion

bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together

Extension

increases the angle between the articulating bones

Hyperextension

a bending of a joint beyond 180 degrees

Dorsiflexion

flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin

Plantar flexion

extension of the ankle (pointing the toes)

Abduction

movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body, along the frontal plane

Adduction

the movement of a limb toward the body midline

Circumduction

the movement in which the limb describes a cone in space

Rotation

the turning movement of a bone around its own long axis

Supination

movement of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly ro superiorly

Pronation

palm moves to face posteriorly or inferiorly

Inversion

sole of the foot is turned medially

Eversion

sole faces laterally

Protraction

nonangular anterior movement in a transverse plane

Retraction

nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane

Elevation

lifting or moving superiorly along a frontal plane

Depression

when elevated part is moved downward to its original position

Opposition

movement of touching the thumb to the tips of the other fingers of the same hand

Acetabulum

rounded cavity on the right and left lateral sides of the pelvic bone

Calcaneus

heel bone

Valgum

knock knees

Genu varum

bowlegs

Subluxation

partial dislocation

Hallux valguas

bunion, the great toe deviates laterally from the midline, crowding the other toes

Kyphosis

an exaggerated thoracic dorsal curve that causes asymmetry between the sides of the posterior thorax

Lordosis

an exaggerated lumbar curve that compensates for pregnancy, obesity, or others skeletal changes

Bone

organ made up of hard connective tissue with a dene outer layer and spongy inner layer

Bone marrow

material found in the cavities of bones; red marrow is responsible for blood cell formation, yellow marrows serves as a storehouse for fat

Bursa

fluid filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

Cartilage

firm connective tissue primarily found in joints, covers the contacting surfaces of bones

Ligament

flexible, tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach one bone to another at a joint

Muscle

tissue composed of specialized cells with the ability to contract to produce movement

Tendon

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Arthr

joint

Burs

bursa

Carp

carpals, wrist

Chondr

cartilage

Cost

ribs

Crani

cranium

Femor

femur

Ili

illium

Ischi

ischium

Kinesi

movement, motion

Kyph

hump (spine)

Lord

bent forward (spine)

-Asthenia

weakness

-desis

surgical fixation, fusion

Inter

between

Necr

death

Oste

bone

Phalang

phalanx( any bone of the finger or toes)

Pub

pubis

Rachi, spondyl, vertebr

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

Scoli

crooked, curbed (spine)

Stern

sternum (breast bone)

Ten,tendin

tendon

Troph

development

-malacia

softening

-schisis

split, fissure

My

muscle

Electr

electrical activity

-ac,al,eal,ic

pertaining to

-Algia

pain

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-ectomy

surgical removal, excision

-gram

recod, radiographic image

-ia

diseased state, condition of

-iasis

condition

A-,an-

absence of, without

Brady

slow

Dys

difficult, painful, abnormal

Path

disease

Sarc

flesh, connective tissue

-it is

inflammation

-logy

study of

-oma

tumor

-osis

abnormal condition

-penia

abnormal reduction (in number)

-plasty

surgical repair

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

-scopy

visual examination

-tomy

cut into, incision

Intra

within

Sub

below, under

Carpal tunnel syndrome

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve. Symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in portion of the hand and fingers

Fracture

broken bone

Gout

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited on the joints, especially tat of the great toe, producing arthritis