Mood Disorders and Therapeutic Orientations

Symptoms of MDD

• depressed mood

• anhedonia

• weight loss/gain

• psychomotor agitation/retardation

• suicidal ideation

• feeling worthless/excessive guilt

Depressive episodes

• feeling at least 5 of the depressive symptoms

• lasts at least 2 weeks

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

• grandiosity

• psychomotor agitation

• excessive risky behaviors

• reduced sleep

• racing thoughts

• distractibility

Manic episodes

• feeling at least 3 of the manic symptoms

• lasting 1 week (mania) or 4 fays (hypomania)

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

one or more depressive episodes; no manic episodes

Bipolar I Disorder

one or more manic episodes; commonly have depressive episodes too

Biological treatments for MDD

• antidepressants

• electroconclusive therapy

• transcranial magnetic stimulation

• deep brain stimulation

Self-attribution styles

1. internal vs. external

2. global vs. specific

3. stable vs. unstable

Free association

the client reports feelings with censorship and is interpreted by therapist

Humanistic/Person-Centered Therapy

• unconditional positive regard

• active listening

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

• acknowledges the interrelations between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

• challenges maladaptive automatic thoughts and replaces them with more productive thoughts

Mindfulness Based Therapy

• Mindfulness: focus on the present; non-judgmental acceptance of thoughts/feelings

• Dialect behavior therapy (DBT): uses mindfulness and CBT principles

• Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT): observing your thoughts from a detached perspective to determine which are harmful/beneficial