Gender Stratification

Flashcards about gender, sexism, patriarchy, and feminism; defining key sociological terms.

Gender

The personal traits and position in society connected with being a male or female.

Sex

The biological makeup of a male or female.

Gender Identity

Our perception of ourselves as male or female.

Second Shift

Married working women often have a second shift when they get home from work, where they are expected to cook, do laundry, and take care of the children as well as working full time.

Patriarchy

A social system in which the father serves as head of the family, and men have authority over women and children.

Sexism

The belief system that one sex is superior to the other.

Matriarchy

A social system in which women are the main authority and hold power over men.

Gender Roles

Society’s expectations of how males and females should act and think.

Oroane

Masculine males in Bugis society.

Makkunrai

Feminine females in Bugis society.

Calalai

Anatomical females in Bugis society who assume the characteristics of men.

Calabai

Anatomical males in Bugis society who adhere to some of the responsibilities of women.

Bissu

Androgynous members of Bugis society who embody the perfect mixture of male and female.

Human Capital Model

Assumes that men and women bring different natural skills to the workplace.

Choice Model

Explains the income gap by analyzing the kinds of jobs women choose.

Patriarchy Model

Assumes that we have a male dominated society that doesn’t allow women to hold upper-tier jobs.

Glass Ceiling

An invisible barrier preventing women from reaching executive-level positions in the workplace.

Feminism

A vast collection of social movements and theories about gender differences, proposing social equality for all people.

First-Wave Feminism

Began in the 19th and early 20th centuries and revolved around the women’s suffrage movement.

Second-Wave Feminism

Occurred during the women’s liberation movement that began in the 1960s; women demanded equal rights in education, the workplace, and in reproductive rights.

Third-Wave Feminism

Beginning in the 1990s, included multiple racial and social economic groups; some feminists associated race, gender, and capitalism.

Liberal Feminists

Tend to be primarily dedicated to women’s equality in the workplace, education, politics and to the reduction of violence toward women.

Radical Feminists

Go further in their ideas and focus on capitalism and patriarchy and men’s control over women.

Machismo

Overt and exaggerated displays of masculinity.