Unit 1 AP Comp Gov

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31 Terms

1

Causation

A change in one variable leads to a change in another variable.

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2

Correlation

An apparent connection between variables that may not be causally related.

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3

Empirical statement

A statement based on provable fact, e.g., 'The UK voted to leave the EU in 2016.'

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4

Normative statement

A value judgment, e.g., 'Nigeria should be less reliant on oil.'

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5

Quantitative data

Observable statistics presented through charts, graphs, tables, maps, and infographics.

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6

Qualitative data

Text-based descriptions such as excerpts from laws, articles, and speeches.

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7

Source analysis

The practice of reading and analyzing texts.

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8

Human Development Index (HDI)

An index that measures human development focusing on life expectancy, education, and per capita GDP.

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9

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.

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10

GDP per capita

GDP divided by the population, a rough measure of living standards.

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11

Gini Index/coefficient

A measure of income inequality within a population.

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12

Freedom House

A non-governmental organization that measures the level of democracy in countries based on civil and political rights.

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13

Corruption Perception Index

A measure of perceived levels of public sector corruption in countries.

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14

The Fragile States Index

A measure assessing the vulnerability of states to collapse or failure.

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15

Nation

A group of people who share a sense of belonging, often linked by common language, culture, or religion.

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16

Regime

The type of political system in a state, such as democracy or authoritarianism.

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17

Democratization

The process of transitioning from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one.

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18

Political efficacy

The belief that one can understand and influence political affairs.

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19

Devolution

The transfer of powers from the central government to regional governments.

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20

Patron-clientelism

A system where rich individuals provide resources to poor individuals in exchange for support.

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21

Citizenship

The status of being a legal member of a state or nation with rights and responsibilities.

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22

Legitimacy

The belief by citizens that the government has the right to govern.

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23

Federal system

A political system in which power is constitutionally divided among multiple levels of government.

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24

Unitary system

A political system where the central government holds all constitutional power.

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25

Illiberal democracy

A political system with elections that may not be free and fair, restricting some civil rights and liberties.

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26

Totalitarian Regime

An authoritarian government that seeks to control nearly every aspect of public and private life.

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27

Rule of law

A principle where all individuals and government officials are subject to the law.

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28

Rule by law

A principle where the law is applied arbitrarily by those in power.

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29

Charismatic legitimacy

The right to rule based on personal virtue, heroism, or extraordinary circumstances.

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30

Traditional legitimacy

The right to rule based on long-standing societal patterns and practices.

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31

Rational-legal legitimacy

The right to rule based on an accepted set of laws and procedures.

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