wk6 urinary elimination, fluid Balance, and Assessing Intake and Output

fluid balance

maintained by ingestion, distribution, and excretion of water and electrolytes. renal system.

intracellular fluid (ICF)

fluids within cells; 60% of total body fluids

extracellular fluid (ECF)

fluid outside of cells. 3 types: interstitial, intravascular, transcellular

interstitial ECF

fluid bs the cells and outside the blood vessels

intravascular ECF

blood and plasma

transcellular ECF

fluid separated from another fluid by epithelium

osmosis

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane form an area of lesses solute concentration to one of greater concentration

diffusion

movement of ions + molecs across a semipermeable membrane, from area of high to low concentration

active transport

movement of molecules across a concentration gradient, using chemical energy

filtration

uses hydrostatic pressure gradien + results in 2-4L of fluid per day entering the intersitital fluid from intravascular space\`\`\`\`

intake

everything that goes in; regulated by thrist control

output

everything that we lose through the kidneys, the skin, the lungs + the gastrointestinal tract

sensible water loss

thing you can measure. urine + feces

insensible water loss

things you can’t measure. skin (sweat) + resp system

fluid volume deficite causes

dehydation, vomiting, decreased oral intake extreme heat, diarrhea

fluid volume excess

heart failure, kidney disease, IV therapy

calculating fluid balance

total intake (ml) - total output (ml) = fluid balance

pos fluid balance

excess

neg fluid balance

deficit

dysuria

pain while urination

polyuria

excessive urination

oliguria

low urine output

nocturia

excessive urination at night

hematuria

blood in the urine

calculate adult urine output

volume of urine (ml) / time (hours since previous output) - urine output in ml/hr

normal adult output

greater than 30ml/hr

calculate pediactric urine output

vol of urine (ml) / pt wt = urine output in ml/kg

urine output in ml/kg / time (hours since prev output) = urine output in ml/kg/hour

normal infant output

2 ml/kg/hr

normal children output

1 ml/kg/hr

normal adolescents output

0\.5 ml/kg/hr

urinalysis

can measure protein, glucose, ketones, blood, WBC, bacteria, casts

midstream testing

useful bc the first bit of urine that you pass may be contaminated w bacteria from the skin