Unit 5 Vocab AP World History

Abolitionism

The movement to end the Atlantic Slave Trade and free all enslaved people which gained followers in the 18th Century

Adam Smith

One of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment, wrote Wealth of Nations which responded to Mercantilism and called for freer trade

Agricultural Revolution

The transformation of human existence caused by the deliberate cultivation of particular plants and the deliberate taming and breeding of particular animals

Bourgeoisic

The middle class and investors who owned machinery and factories where workers produced goods

Capital

Money available to invest in business

Capitalism

An economic system in which the means of production, such as factories and natural resources, are privately owned and are operated for profit

Communism

A political system in which the government owns all the property and dominates all aspects of life in a country; Marx believed believed socialism would replace capitalism and communism and would replace socialism as the final stage of economic development

Declaration of The Rights of Men

One of the fundamental documents of the French Revolution, defining a set of individual rights and collective rights of all the estates as one

Division of Labor

Production process in which a worker or group of workers is assigned a specialized task in order to increase efficiency

Enlightenment

Post-Renaissance period in European history devoted to the study and exploration of new ideas, in science, politics, the arts, and philosophy

Hundred days Reform

Sweeping reforms in the late 1800’s in China that included the abolition of the civil service exam, elimination of corruption, and the establishment of Western-style industrial, commercial, and medical systems

Industrial Revolution

New technologies reshaped societies and led to dramatic changes

Industrialization

Increased mechanization of production

John Locke

Philopsher who wrote two treaties of government and advocated the idea of the social contract

Karl Marx

German scholar and writer who argued for socialism; published the communist manifesto

Labor Unions

Organizations of workers that advocate for the right to bargain with employers and put resulting agreements in a contract

Laissez-faire

French for “leave alone”, an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from tariffs, government subsidies, and enforced monopolies, with only government regulations sufficient to protect property rights against theft and aggression

Meiji Restoration

The dissolution of Japan’s feudal system of government and the restoration of the imperial system that led to japan modernizing and industralizing

Monopoly

Control of a specific business and elimination of all competition

Muhammad Ali

Albanian Ottoman officer who was selected to be the new governor of Egypt; reformed Egypt and pushed it to industralize

Nationalism

A feeling of intense loyalty to others who share one’s language and culture

New Zealand Wars

Military confrontations between Maori and British over who had rights to the land which eventually ended in European colonization of New Zealand

Otto von Bismarck

A german statesman who unified numerous german states into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership, then created a “balance of power” that preserved peace in Europe from 1871 until 1914

Philosophes

A group of thinkers and writers in the 18th century that explored social, political, and economic theories in new ways

Proletariat

The working class who often worked in factories and mines for little compensation

Propaganda Movement

1882 movement in the Philippines that involved magazines, pamphlets, and other publications that demanded social and political reforms

Reign of Terror

A period during the French Revolution in which the government executed thousands of opponents of the revolution

Second Industrial Revolution

Key players were the United States, Great Britain, and Germany; developments included steel, chemicals, precision machinery, and electronics.

Strengthening Movement

China’s program of internal reform in the 1860’s and 1870’s, based on vigorous application of confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West

Simon Bolivar

Leader of revolt in South American colonies against spanish rule

Socialism

A system of public or direct worker ownership of the means of production such as the mills to make cloth, or the machinery and land needed to mine coal

Stock

Shares of ownership units in a company

Tanzimat

Ottoman reforms during 1839-1876 after Mahmud that addressed corruption, education, laws, and updated the legal systemZionism

Zionism

The desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East