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What event resulted in the execution of Robespierre in 1794?
The Thermidorian Reaction.
Who is known as the 'Father of Liberalism'?
John Locke.
Which scientist protested against the Catholic Church and published 'Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'?
Galileo Galilei.
What treaty ended the War of the Spanish Succession?
The Treaty of Utrecht.
What economic philosophy did Jean-Baptiste Colbert establish?
Mercantilism.
Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?
Louis XVI.
What laws restricted British colonies to trade only with England?
Navigation Acts.
What conflict occurred in Europe from 1618 to 1648 due to fear of the Habsburg dynasty?
The Thirty Years' War.
What belief held that no state should become so powerful that it threatens others?
Balance of Power.
What political faction led the French Revolution primarily made up of educated Republicans?
The Jacobins.
What hierarchical structure was believed to be decreed by God?
The Great Chain of Being.
What Enlightenment thinker championed the natural rights of life, liberty, and property?
John Locke.
What nickname was given to Charles I's army during the English Civil War?
The Cavaliers.
Who was the Russian ruler who pursued a program of rapid modernization?
Peter the Great.
Which Enlightenment thinker wrote 'The Social Contract'?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Who became king of England following the Glorious Revolution?
William of Orange.
What did Peter the Great seek to secure during the Great Northern War?
Access to the Baltic Sea.
What series of treaties concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648?
The Peace of Westphalia.
What government did Oliver Cromwell establish after the English Civil War?
The Protectorate.
What line created in 1763 forbade American colonists from settling west of the Appalachians?
The Proclamation Line.
Which country was the center of Enlightenment thought in the mid-18th century?
France.
