cpr

What’s the first thing you do when you arrive on scene?

Check the scene for safety before approaching the person.

How do you check for responsiveness?

Tap or squeeze the shoulder and ask, 'Are you OK?'

How loud should you be when checking responsiveness?

As loud as possible to alert others.

Unresponsive + not breathing — what do you do?

Start CPR and call 911 immediately.

Unresponsive + breathing — what position do you use?

Place them in the recovery position.

What does the recovery position look like?

Top leg bent, bottom arm straight, top hand under cheek, head tilted slightly downward.

Why is the head pointed downward in recovery position?

To allow fluids to drain and keep the airway clear.

If the person is responsive, what do you check?

Injuries, mental state, skin color, skin temperature, skin moisture.

If a person is blue, what’s happening?

They aren’t getting enough oxygen.

Signs of shock

Cold, clammy skin; pale skin; confusion.

How else can you check skin tone besides the face?

Inside the lip, palms, fingernail beds.

First step to control bleeding

Apply direct pressure with a gloved hand and gauze.

How to check if a wound is still bleeding

Look around the gauze—don’t lift your hand.

Blood soaking through gauze — what do you do?

Add more gauze and increase pressure.

Bleeding controlled — what now?

Wrap the wound with a roller bandage.

How to check if a bandage is too tight

Look for blue/purple/cold skin; ensure 1 finger fits under the bandage.

Should you splint a broken bone?

No.

Bone sticking out — do you push it back in?

No.

Broken bone + bleeding — what’s most important?

Stopping the bleeding.

What reduces pain and swelling?

A cold pack.

What can you do while waiting for EMS for a broken bone?

Calm and comfort the person; stabilize the limb.

How to stabilize a broken bone

Use padding; hold above and below the injury.

Fall from height — can spine/head be injured?

Yes.

Blood/fluid from nose or ears — do you stop it?

No.

What’s more important: spine alignment or breathing?

Breathing.

What do you do if someone is having a seizure?

Leave them alone, move objects away, protect the head, don’t put anything in their mouth.

Do we still do the old head/neck stabilization technique?

No.

CPR compression rate

100–120 compressions per minute (2 per second).

Hand placement for CPR + elbow position

Center of the chest; elbows locked.

Adult compression depth

At least 2 inches.

Child/small adult compressions

Use 2 hands; compress at least 2 inches.

Infant compressions

2 thumbs/2 fingers/one hand; 1.5 inches deep (1/3 chest depth).

Compression-to-breath ratio

30 compressions to 2 breaths.

Length of each rescue breath

1 second—just enough for chest rise.

How much brain dies each minute without a heartbeat?

About 10%.

Maximum pause between compressions

No more than 10 seconds.

What must you do to the nose before rescue breaths?

Pinch the nose.

What must you do to the chin before rescue breaths?

Lift the chin.

Should you use a CPR mask/barrier device?

Yes.