Social Psychology and Personality Exam Preparation

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Social Psychology and Personality Chapters for effective exam preparation.

Social norms

Expectations of behavior in a given situation that individuals may change their behavior to meet.

Discrimination

Unfair negative behavior directed towards a group or its members.

Altruism

Selfless helping behavior without expecting a reward.

Similarity predicts attraction

The concept that people are more attracted to others who share similar characteristics.

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

The tendency to comply with a large request after initially agreeing to a small one.

Groupthink

A mode of thinking where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives.

Other-race effect

The tendency to better recall faces of one's own race compared to faces of other races.

Trait perspective

An approach to personality that focuses on describing individual differences through stable traits.

Dunning-Kruger effect

The cognitive bias where people with low ability overestimate their own competence.

Ego

The part of personality that operates on the reality principle, balancing the desires of the id and the morals of the superego.

Oedipus complex

A child's feelings of desire for their opposite-sex parent and jealousy towards their same-sex parent, occurring during the phallic stage.

Phallic stage

Freud's developmental stage occurring between ages 3 to 6, associated with the Oedipus complex.

Freudian slip

A mistake in speech that reveals an unconscious desire.

Psychosexual stages

The sequence of stages in Freud's theory: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital.

Opioid overdose death rates

Statistical increase in overdose deaths in the U.S. from 2013 to 2016.

Bipolar I disorder

A type of bipolar disorder characterized by full manic episodes.

Bipolar II disorder

A type of bipolar disorder characterized by hypomanic episodes.

Psychedelic drug

A class of drugs, such as LSD, that alter perception.

Nonsuicidal self-injury

Intentional self-harm without the intent to end one's life, most prevalent among adolescent females.

DSM-5-TR

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision, designed to classify psychological disorders.

Depression

The most common reason people seek mental health services.