National 5 Chemistry Unit 1 - Chemical Changes and Structure

What are the three subatomic particles?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

What are the four main ways of increasing the rate of reaction?

Increasing the temperature, increasing the concentration, increasing the surface area/decreasing the particle size, and adding a catalyst

Does increasing the size of the beaker increase the rate of reaction?

No

What is collision theory?

A theory that explains that reactions only take place when the reactant particles collide with the correct orientation and sufficient energy, leading to “effective collisions” that form products

Using collision theory, explain how increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction.

Because it gives the reactant particles more energy

Using collision theory, explain how increasing the concentration increases the rate of reaction.

It means there will be a greater number of reactant particles

Using collision theory, explain how increasing the surface area increases the rate of reaction.

It means there will be more area for reactant particles to collide

What effect does decreasing the particle size have on surface area?

The surface area will increase

What is the formula used to calculate the average rate of reaction?

What is a catalyst?

A substance that increases the rate of reaction whilst remaining chemically unchanged in the process

What are four examples of ways to monitor the progress of a chemical reaction?

Measuring the volume of gas produced, measuring the change in mass over time, monitoring changes in pH, measuring changes in concentration

What apparatus can be used to measure the volume of gas produced, other than a gas syringe?

What apparatus can be used to measure the volume of gas produced, other than an upturned measuring cylinder?

What property must a gas have in order for it to be collected via the apparatus shown?

It must be insoluble or have low solubility

How are elements on the Periodic Table arranged?

In order of increasing atomic number

What is an atom?

The smallest unit into which an element can be divided and still retain its characteristic chemical properties