History final

Monotheistic

Belief in the existence of only one God.

Polytheistic

Belief in the existence of multiple gods.

Christianity

Belief system centered around Jesus Christ, his sacrifice for sins, and his second coming.

Judaism

Monotheistic religion believing in God's creation of the world and adherence to the Torah.

Hinduism

Polytheistic religion with beliefs in reincarnation.

Buddhism

Religion emphasizing reincarnation and the path to enlightenment through good deeds and meditation.

Islam

Monotheistic faith centered around Allah and the teachings of Muhammad.

Crusades

Military campaigns by the Pope to reclaim the Holy Land, leading to the establishment of new trade routes.

Silk, Sand, and Sea Roads

Trade routes facilitating commerce, including the Silk Road in Asia, sea routes, and sand roads in the Middle East.

Renaissance

Period of art and literature revival in the 14th-16th centuries.

Humanism

Belief system valuing human nature and experience.

Reformation

Religious or political institution change for the better.

Absolutism

System where one ruler holds complete power over a country.

Divine Right

Belief that a monarch's authority comes directly from God.

Enlightenment

Era of intellectual exchange and new ideas.

Nationalism

Loyalty and devotion to one's nation.

Industrial Revolution

Transition from manual to mechanized production.

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power through colonization or military force.

World War I

Global conflict involving militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.

Totalitarianism

System where a single party rules with strict control over citizens.

Munich Conference

Settlement permitting German annexation of the Sudetenland.

Appeasement

Policy of giving in to demands to maintain peace.

League of Nations

International alliance aimed at preventing future wars.

Non-aggression pact

Agreement between nations not to engage in conflict.

Phony War

Period of little fighting between September 1939 and April 1940 at the start of WWII.

Vichy France

Collaborationist regime established in France during WWII.

Blitzkrieg

German military strategy emphasizing quick and decisive attacks.

Battle of Britain

Conflict between Germany and Britain, resulting in a British victory.

Dunkirk

Evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people from France to Britain during WWII.

Stalingrad/ Operation Barbarossa

Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union during WWII.

D-Day/ Operation Overlord

Allied invasion of Normandy to liberate Europe from Nazi control.