Unit 1: World Religions 

Terms (hint: look back at your World Religions chart/Venn diagram from September 12-13ish)

Monotheistic- the belief that there is only one God 

Polytheistic- believing in more than one God

Christianity -major aspects- That Jesus died for our sins, and will come back at the end of time, and there is 12 apostles

Judaism- major aspects- believe that God created the world and is still actively involved, believe in the Torah. 

Hinduism- major aspects- polytheistic, believing in reincarnation 

Buddhism - major aspects- believe in reincarnation, believe good deeds and meditation will help you reach enlightenment. 

Islam- major aspects- monotheistic, believe in Allah, and that Muhammad is the messenger of God

Unit 2: Kingdoms and Empires

Terms  (examine the SHEG packet on the Crusades (10/4) and well as your notes on them, also the assignments on the Columbian Exchange, Black Plague notes (10/16) and the Silk, Sand and Sea Road Video (10/11, 10/13))

Crusades -pope sent soldiers out to go and reclaim the holy land, not effective 

Marco Polo - explorer who went to china 

Columbian Exchange- exchange of goods and products that happened when the new world was found 

The Black Death- plague that killed ⅓ of europe 

Silk, Sand and Sea roads-trade routes that allowed trade to flourish, silk road as a route in asia, sea roads were trade routes through the sea, and sand roads were trade routes in the middle east 

REVIEW QUESTIONS

Describe the causes and effects of the Crusades? Causes- pope wanted to reclaim holy land, effects- many new trade routes established 

How did the silk, sand and sea routes compare/ contrast?- silk road was an exchange of ideas and was very ifnluenctial, sand roads filled with thieves and sea rods could bring larger amounts of goods faster than the other routes.  

What led to the demise of the Silk Road?

More people using sea roads

What was exchanged in the Columbian Exchange?

• Animals ike horses and many foods, spices and other things

• What were the effects of the Black Death on Europe?  

Killed many people and advanced medicine and caused many people to move

Unit 3: Revolutions

The Renaissance and Reformation

European Renaissance and Reformation: (Renaissance notes and docs 10/31, Northern Ren 11/8, Slides 11/3, Reformation slides 11/15 and 11/16, and study guide 11/16)

Terms

Renaissance- the revival of art and literature in the 14th-16th centuries 

Humanism- belief that values are founded on human nature and experience alone 

Secular - emphasis on understanding the activities of the world 

Reformation- changing  a religious or political institution for the better 

Martin Luther- church reformer, began the protestant reformation 

Indulgences-  buy something and go to heaven 

95 Theses- luther's opinions about the teachings of the bible, and practices of the roman catholic church 

Heresy/Heretic- someone who disagrees with beliefs that are generally accepted. 

Guiding Questions: 

What were the causes and effects of the Renaissance?-increase in trade and travel which brought new ideas, as well as lots of prosperity. Effects were more art being made,  andbeter learning and education, 

What were the major characteristics of Renaissance art?- abstract, different types of art. 

How would you describe a Renaissance “man?” - good  at many different areas and things. 

For what reason did Martin Luther oppose the Church? - disagreed with indulgences, and the ay they taught the bible 

In what ways did Luther challenge the Church and what was the result?- created the 95 theses, and disputed the churchs claim of indlugences. 

Absolutism (Slides 11/20, HW Notes 11/15, CW Chart 11/21) 

Terms/Names 

Absolutism- one ruler has complete power over a country 

Divine Right- the belief that God gave a king or queen the right to rule a country

Guiding Questions

What are the common characteristics/ actions of absolute rulers? 

Shows off their power and looks , very controlling, believe they are better than everyone else, cpommunists

The Scientific Revolution/The Enlightenment  (Sci Rev notes 11/28, Galileo sources 12/4, slides 12/6)

Terms/Names 

Geocentric- the belief that the 

Heliocentric- the sun is the center of the universe 

Galileo-  made the telescope, part of the scientific revolution, saod that sun is the center of the nivwerse 

Enlightenment- ideas and resources were traded 

Salon-  women exchanged ideas

Philosophe- 

Thomas Hobbes- 

John Locke

Montesquieu

Voltaire

Beccaria

Guiding Questions

What is the legacy (new ideas it introduced) of the Enlightenment?

Who would and would NOT have supported the Enlightenment ideas? 

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy     (slides 12/14)

The French Revolution and Latin American Revolutions  (slides 12/19, HW notes 12/19, HW notes 1/3, slides 1/3, study guide 1/8)      

Terms/Names 

Glorious Revolution- evolution that happened in england, where parliament asserted its right over the monarchy, 

Bill of Rightsp- first amendments to the declaration of independence

The Estate System/ 3 Estates- hierarchy, clery, nobility and commoners, who got to vote on laws. 

Old Regime- social system by french  

Louis XVI-  opposed the french revolution

Robespierre- voice of the people, started the reign of terror 

The Reign of Terror- many people killed and guillotiend if foiund guilty of being agianst ther republic nation

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen- preamble to french constititioun, contains the principles that inspired the french revolution 

Peninsulares - those of pure blood and white spanish descent who were born in spain, highest class, 

Creoles - people of european descewt born in the AMericas, 2nd class 

Mestizos Mulattos - people of mixed indigenous and European descent , lowest class 

Guiding Questions

What were the causes and effects of the French Revolution? - causes- desire for social, economic and political change, effects were the changes in sociwety with the middle class rising, and the monarchy fell. 

What were the common causes and outcomes of revolutions in Latin America? - causes- napoleans invasion, and enslavement Outcomes- establishment of independent nation states in most of central and south America 

How were the revolutions in Latin America different from the European Revolutions?  - latin american revolutions were driven by a desire for independence, while european revolutions were for less taxes and better government 

Nationalism ( slides 3/14, CW 3/14)

Nationalism - loyalty and devotion to your nation 

Nation/Nation- State- people with a common identity live inside a country with a single government

Liberal- believe in the right to private property and equality before the law 

Conservative- preserve traditional customs and values nd traditions

Guiding Questions

What were the 6 bonds that make a nation?- culture, history, religion, language, nationality, and territory 

What were the two types of nationalism that occurred in the 1800s? - ethnic and civil nationalism 

The Industrial Revolution (notes 1/11, slides 1/18)

Terms/Names 

Industrialization- the development of indstruies in a country or region in a qwide scale 

Industrial Revolution- transition from creating goods by hand to creating things by machinery

Capitalism- private actors control property for their own interests 

Socialism- major industries are owned by the workers instead of  a private business or government

Communism- a type of government where everyone shares the wealth they created 

Guiding  Questions

What was the agricultural revolution and how did it help start the Industrial Revolution? - it was when people changed from a hunter gatherer lifestyle to a more agricultural lifestyle, started the industrial revolution because because it left farmers with bad plot, which forced them to migrate to the city 

In what ways did industrialization positively impact nations? -  it led to more economic growth, and a lot more technological innovations 

In what ways did industrialization negatively impact nations? - bad work areas, lots of pollution and child labor 

What were some reforms of the Industrial world? (B per notes 2/7, F and G CW 2/7 ish)-  mandatory public education, eight hour workdays, and restrictions on child labor

What were the positive and negative impacts of industrialization on Victorian Britain? - positives- goods became more affordable, negatives were overcrowidng, pollution, child labpor and lots of new diseases 

The Age of Imperialism   (Slides 2/15, 2/27, notes 2/27, quiz study guide 2/29, 3/8)

Terms/Names

Imperialism-,  taking over other countries and areas 

EmPIRE- Economic, political, ideology religious, explaratory 

Berlin Conference- peolpe came togethert to decide how to break up Africa

Social Darwinism- the idea that certain people are just better than others 

Guiding Questions 

What were the motives of imperialism?- expansion, political power and the spreading of religious beliefs

What were the different forms of imperialism and methods of management? -  colonies, protectorates, and sphere of influence 

In what way (s) did imperialism impact the natives of a country? - slavery, loss of land and culture 

In what way (s) did imperialism contribute to greater competition among nations? - every country wanted more political powers, so they fought over land 

World War I (notes 4/1, CW 4/4, CW, 4/9, 4/10, HW 4/24, slides 4/25, study guide 4/25)

Terms/Names 

MAIN (causes of WWI)militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism

Archduke Ferdinand- got assasinated, archduke of austria hungary 

Central Powers/ Allies - germany, austria hungary, bulgaria, and the ottoman empire

Triple Entente/ Triple Alliance- great britain, france and russia 

Trench warfare- fighting from large trenches

Western Front- detrmined the course of the war 

Schlieffen Plan- germany would attack france first instead of russia

14 Points- wilsons ideas after ww1 all rejected beside one

Treaty of Versailles - the entents plans for germany after ww1  

Big Four- britain, italy, us and france

Reparations- making amends 

League of Nations- nations coming together in case of war 

Paris Peace Conference estavblish peace after world war 1

Guiding Questions

What were the long and short term causes of WWI? (MAIN)

Describe fighting in WWI (trench warfare, new weapons). Very long, fought from trecnehs dug into the ground, 

Describe the decision making at the Paris Peace Conference. - 

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the various countries it affected?- though tto be very unfair by them, increased nationalism 

Totalitarianism

Joseph Stalin-ruler of Russia was a communist 

Benito Mussolini- took over Italy using fake promises and brainwashed his followers with propaganda 

Adolph Hitler - ruler of Germany, started the holocaust and kept breaking every peace conference he was given 

Censorship- not allowing your citizens to go somewhere specific, hear or see something they wouldnt want them to see 

Indoctrination- teachers person certain belifs

Propaganda-fake lies rulers might say to their citizens to brainwash them 

Guiding Questions

What are the characteristics of totalitarianism? (7 traits)

One party rule 

Dictatorship

Propaganda 

What is life like in a totalitarian society?

Very limited rights,

Ruler has control over citizens' entire life 

What contributed to the rise of totalitarianism after WWI? 

Hitler,stallion and Mussolini were all famous dictators who were fans of totalaliraist nations 

The Interwar/Aggressors Invade Nations

Terms/Names

Munich Conference-(September 30, 1938), a settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia.

Appeasement 

The action of appeasing

League of Nations

An alliance of many nations that occurred after WWI to not fight because they wanted to prevent WWII

Non-aggression pact 

A treaty between Hitler and Stallion to not fight 

Guiding Questions 

For what reasons did totalitarian leaders come to power after WWI? 

dissatisfaction over the outcome and aftermath of the First World War, in conjunction with the exploitation of the impulse toward political democratization occurring across the world totalitarian leaders.

What was the policy of appeasement and why did it fail? 

hope of avoiding war, appeasement was the name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked

How did the League of Nations respond to aggression in Europe in the 1940s and early 940s? (simulation 5/10)

World War II  (CW 5/14)

Terms/Names

Phony War

There was little fighting between September 1939 and April 1940 at the beginning of WWII.

Vichy France

Blitzkrieg

Battle of Britain 

The battle between Germany and Britain(Britain won) 

Dunkirk

Evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people from France into Britain because Germany was pushing into them 

Stalingrad/ Operation Barbarossa

Hitlers invasion of the soviet union 

D-Day/ Operation Overlord

Invasion of Normandy by Hitler