APUSH KEY TERMS CH 22

John Hay, the Boxers and the Open-Door Policy

__________ was the US secretary of state who created this economic proposal that asked all countries to respect the territorial integrity of China and repeated the demand for equal trading and investment opportunities in China. the _______ were leaders in a Chinese rebellion aimed at attacking government leaders.

Philippe Bunau-Varilla and the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

man from Panama who aroused a revolution in the nation against Colombian rule. This treaty was an agreement between the US and the revolutionary government of Panama granting America the right to build a canal

Roosevelt Corollary

this was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine that was a response to the threat that European nations might invade the DR to collect debts. This addition backed up the Monroe Doctrine and said that the US would intervene if Europe tried to invade Latin America.

Gentlemen's Agreement

Agreement between the US and Japan. US would push for better treatment of Japanese in California and Japan would limit the number of immigrants coming to America

dollar diplomacy

Taft's effort (less aggressive) to advance America's interests by pursuing America's interests through the promotion of American business interests in countries like Latin America.

General John J Pershing in Mexico

General who led an army chasing Francisco Villa, making him a symbol of national resistance in Mexico. He urged the US government to occupy the northern Mexican State of Chihuahua and later the whole country.

u-boats and unrestricted submarine warfare

_________ were German boats/submarines. and _____________ was the sinking of any ships that tried to reach Britain.

Lusitania

US ship that was sunk by a German submarine on its way to Britain. Over 1,000 people were killed.

National Security League and Preparedness

this was a campaign to increase US military capabilities and to convince the US citizens of the need for US involvement. the league supported a strong military and government regulation of the economy to enhance national preparedness

Woman's Peace Party

Female political party organized in 1915. led by Jane Addams and Carrie Chapman Catt. this group wanted an end to WWI

Wilson's Sussex threat and Germany's pledge

May 4, 1916, after sinking the unarmed French Channel steamer Sussex with a torpedo, in direct violation of the Arabic pledge, the Kaiser of Germany made this pledge, agreeing to Wilson's demands and promised to shoot on sight only ships of the enemy's navy. Attached the condition that the U.S. compel the Allies to end their blockade and comply with international law. (Wilson accepted pledge but not condition.) This marked a short period of time of friendly relations between Germany and the U.S.

Zimmermann Telegram

telegram intercepted and published in the US. Was a note from the German foreign minister revealed that Germany planned to offer to help Mexico regain territories it had lost to the US in the even that the US and Germany went to war.

Bernard Baruch

___________ was head of the war industries board created to help economic confusion. He attempted to impose some order on the US war production

Food Administration

an administration led by Herbert Hoover that was created to feed wartime America and its allies. This was the most successful of the wartime administrations

William G. McAdoo and the US Railroad Administration

secretary of the treasury that was assigned to supervise the nation's railroads. Combined the railroads into one large system, eliminated competition, pooled all railroad equipment and eliminated many passenger trains to clear the track for the hauling of war materials and troops

American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

American force of 14,500 that landed in France In June 1917. By the summer of 1918 it assumed independent responsibility for one segment of the Western front against the Germans

Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and the Bolsheviks

the Russian founder of the __________ and leader of the Russian Revolution. The first head of the USSR. ____ was the Russian revolution and communist who helped Lenin and built up the army

Committee on Public Information

___________ was an American government propaganda agency led by George Creel that aroused zeal for Wilson's ideals and whipped up hatred for the Kaiser. Was used to control the common public opinion

Randolph Bourne

progressive writer and public intellectual born in Bloomfield, NJ. known for his essays and was against joining the war.

Espionage and Seditions Acts, 1917, 1918

two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against US participation in WWI

Schenck V US and the "clear and present danger" doctrine

supreme court case that claimed that Congress could restrict speech if words "are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create clear and present danger". this was the verdict when Schenck was convicted for mailing pamphlets urging potential army inductees to resist the draft

East St. Louis race riot, 1917

riot that took place in a street mill in St. Louis against African-Americans who began to work there. resulted in at least 40 deaths of African Americans and the deaths of 9 whites

Chicago Race riot, 1919

a major racial conflict that began in Illinois on July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3. Resulted in many deaths.

18th and 19th Amendments

created prohibition and granted women's suffrage

Influenza Epidemic, 1918

swept Europe and the US in 1918 and added to the suffering and death of WWI. over 50 million died.

Wilson's 14 Point Peace Plan

this was Wilson's plan that he presented after the war as a peaceful and victory-less resolution. His plan included self-determination, impartial adjustment of colonial claims, freedom of the seas, reduced armaments, and a world association of nations.

Treaty of Versailles and Covenant of the League of Nations

treaty that ended WWI. severely punished Germany. Was a controversial peace agreement because it compromised many of Wilson's 14 points but still retained his league. the treaty forced blame on Germany and other allies.

Henry Cabot Lodge, reservations, and irreconcilables

__________ was a republican who disagreed with the Treaty and who was a chairman of the Senate of Foreign Relations Committee. _________ were extreme isolationists and were totally against the US joining the League of Nations. _________ were senators who limited American obligations to the organization

Article 10 of the League Covenant

part of the covenant that said everyone needed to come together to fight if there was another war. this was the part of the League's rules that the Senate rejected the most

Red Scare, 1919-1920,

this was a communist scare in the world that occurred after the war's end between 1919-1920

Palmer raids

Federal Marshalls raided homes of suspected radicals and headquarters of radical organizations. they were attempts by the US department of justice to arrest and deport racial leftists, especially anarchists. They violated the civil rights of people