Ch. 3 Introduction to Radiology

Ancient Hebrews

Associated diseases with sin

Hebrew medicine was influenced by

Greek medicine in the 4th century BC, which focused on anatomy and physiology, diet, massage and medications

Ancient Egyptians

Connected Health with deities, regulating illness and death

Each body part with Egyptian medicine had

A protective deity

Egyptian medicine included (VMSA)

Vegetables, minerals, spices, and animal substances

The philosophical view of ancient India was

Life as a cycle of creation, preservation, and destruction

In ancient India the religion supported the application of

Secular medicine and rational healthcare practices

Ancient Indians demonstrated advanced

Surgical techniques and the use of tourniquets

Ancient Chinese centered on

The balance of yin and yang regarding health philosophy

For ancient Chinese ______ _______ was a primary focus

Disease prevention

In ancient China the five treatment methods were (CNATU)

1. Cure the spirit

2. Nourish the body

3. Administer medications

4. Treat the whole body

5. Utilize acupuncture

In ancient Greece there were

Healing temples that provided spaces for healing rituals that often began post sundown with fasting

In ancient Greece emphasis was on

Scientific reasoning that laid the groundwork for medical theory

In ancient Greece they proposed that

Water, earth, air, and fire were the fundamental components of life

Hippocrates was known as

The father of medicine

What did Hippocrates do

He shifted medicine towards a more scientific approach emphasizing the holistic healing power of nature

Christianity and medicine

Introduce compassionate healing ideologies influenced by Christ's message during the dark ages

Hospitals began to be established by

Christian communities

In the Renaissance it

Marked a new era with significant figures

Paracelsus

Father of pharmacology

Andreas Vasalius

Father of anatomy

Innovators like Galileo, Newton and da Vinci contributed

Foundational laws of motion and gravity, and exploring human anatomy

In the 18th century, the key contributers were

Albert von Haller, Stephen Hales, Edward Jenner

Albert von Haller

Brain -cortex and peripheral nerve connection

Stephen Hales

Dynamics of blood circulation, stressed the importance of the capillary system, and became the first person to record blood pressure with a manometer

Edward Jenner

Development of the smallpox vaccine

In the 19th century the major focus was on

Autopsies and cellular studies

Virchow

Revolutionized cell understanding

Claude Bernard

Discovered homeostasis and studied the liver and pancreas

Innovations in surgery and hygiene were led by

Lister and Pasteur

In the 20th century the medical achievements were

Eradication of diseases

Advancements in chemotherapy, psychology, dialysis, dna, organ transplants, joint replacements, and plastic surgery

In the 21st century the medical advancements were

Robotic surgery advancements

Research on diseases, including Alzheimer's and HIV

Mapping the hearts electrical conduction system

Mortality

Death rate

Morbidity

Occurrence of disease

Life expectancy

Males: 76.1 years

Females: 81.1 years

The leading causes of death in the US are

1. heart disease

2. cancer

3. unintentional injury

4. chronic lower respiratory disease

5. diabetes

What defines an emerging infectious disease

A disease whose incidence is increasing

What percentage of physician visits relate to infectious diseases

25%

Why are immunocompromised individuals at higher risk for infectious diseases

Due to increased travel and public health breakdowns

What are the cdc's goals for emerging diseases

1. Detect and monitor emerging pathogens

2. Integrate laboratory science and epidemiology to optimize Health practice

3. Enhance public health communication

4. Strengthen public health infrastructures for monitoring

Why is understanding social forces important for radiologic technologist

It helps in delivering effective healthcare within a changing system

What social challenges affect healthcare

An aging population and rising healthcare costs

What are some ethical concerns in medicine

1. Privacy and confidentiality (HIPPA)

2. Addressing the needs of an aging population

3. Ensuring proper mobile radiography and home Health services

What economic factors influence healthcare

1. The affordable Care act

2. Prospective payment system

3. Health insurance complexities

Why is healthcare Management necessary

To control cost and address modern lifestyle health challenges through preventive medicine

What are major risk factors for death

Heart disease- sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity

Cancer- lifestyle choices like smoking

Cerebrovascular disease and accidents- lifestyle and Cabana dead measures

What does preventative medicine emphasize

Wellness programs, dietary guidelines, and maintaining ideal weight to lower health risks

What are the main components of the healthcare system

Services ranging from preventative care to long-term rehabilitation

What is the role of a radiologic technologist in healthcare

Educating and communicating care programs and patient rights

Giovanni Bautista Morgagni

Father of pathology

William Hunter

OB specialist

John Hunter

Method of closing of aneurysms

Phillippe Pinel

More humane treatment in asylums

Ephraim McDowell

Performed the first successful abdominal surgery

Lister

Discovered bacteria were often the origin of disease and infection

Pasteur

Discovered heating food could be stalled by heating food and destroying harmful bacteria

Robert Koch

Performed extensive research into microorganism and bacteriology

Benjamin Rush

The first American psychiatrist

William Conrad Roentgen

Discovered x-rays on November 8th 1895

Marie and Pierre Curie

Discovered radium 3 years later in the 19th century

Medicare

20%

Medicaid

17%

Preventative medicine

Trying to lower these risk factors