Topic 4 Atomic Structure - AQA Physics GCSE

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Atomic Structure

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25 Terms

1

Atomic Structure

The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

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2

Subatomic Particle

A particle that is smaller than an atom, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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3

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive charge and a relative mass of 1.

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4

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge (neutral) and a relative mass of 1.

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5

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge and a very small relative mass of 0.0005.

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6

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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7

Electron Arrangement

The distribution of electrons in different energy levels around the nucleus of an atom.

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8

EM Radiation

Electromagnetic radiation, such as light or radio waves.

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9

Nucleus

The positively charged central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

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10

Radioactive Decay

The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits radiation and transforms into a more stable nucleus.

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11

Alpha Decay

A type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons) is emitted from the nucleus.

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12

Beta Decay

A type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron) is emitted from the nucleus.

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13

Gamma Decay

A type of radioactive decay in which a gamma ray (high-energy electromagnetic radiation) is emitted from the nucleus.

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14

Half-Life

The time it takes for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.

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15

Americium

A radioactive element with a half-life of 432 years, commonly used in smoke alarms.

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16

Net Decline

The ratio of the decrease in radioactive nuclei after a certain number of half-lives.

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17

Contamination

The presence of unwanted radioactive atoms on other materials, which can release radiation.

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18

Irradiation

The exposure of an object to nuclear radiation without making it radioactive.

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19

Peer Review

The process of having scientific reports reviewed by experts in the field before publication.

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20

Background Radiation

Weak radiation from natural or external sources, such as cosmic rays or nuclear fallout.

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21

Radiation Dose

The measurement of radiation exposure, typically measured in Sieverts (Sv).

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