thermal insulation - diff thickness

Method

1. Wrap 2 layers of insulating material around a beaker, holding it in place with a rubber band

2. Boil 80cm3 of hot water in a kettle and pour into a beaker

3. Use a piece of cardboard with a hole ontop as a lid

4. Put theremometer into the hole

5. Record the temperature of the water and start stopwatch

6. Record temperature of water every 3 mins for 15mins

7. Record results in a table

8. Repeat steps adding two more layers of insulation each time

Safety

Don't touch beakers when hot

Keep beakers on heatproof mats

Hot water = eye protection

Variables

IV: thickness of material

DV: temperature

CV: volume of water, starting temperature, type of material

Errors

Random: some thermal energy will dissipate into surroundings, human error when reading measurements

Systematic: starting temp must be same