Apologia Biology, 2nd edition, Quarterly Test #3

What ship did Darwin travel on while working on his research?

the HMS Beagle

Name two ideas from other scientists that influenced Darwin in his work.

struggle for survival and the present is the key to the past

What are the four basic data sets for evolution? List whether each support, contradict, or are inconclusive to evolution.

fossil record(against), structural homology(against), molecular biology(against), geological column(inconclusive)

Some creationists say that all of the ideas set forth in Darwin’s book, The Origin of Species, are wrong. Why is this not true?

his theory of microevolution is well supported today

How does the Neo-Darwinist hypothesis differ from the hypothesis of Darwin?

Neo-Darwinism uses mutations to add information to the genetic code

What problem with both Darwin’s original hypothesis and Neo-Darwinism does punctuated equilibrium attempt to solve?

it attempts to explain why there are no intermediate links in the fossil record

What is the Cambrian explosion?

representatives of all major animal phyla were found in some of the lowest sedimentary rock in the geological column

Name two of the mutualistic relationships learned and briefly discuss the role of each participant

1. The clownfish and sea anemone. The clownfish is protected by the sea anemone, and it attracts food to the sea anemone

2. The Oriental sweetlips and the blue-streak wrasse. The sweetlips gets its teeth cleaned by the wrasse and the wrasse gets food from the sweetlips’ teeth

The stream flowing from a watershed has an algal bloom caused by too many nutrients in the water. What is the most likely explanation for this?

the lack of plant life in the watershed

Besides photosynthesis, how is carbon dioxide removed from the air?

fermentation and carbon dioxide dissolved into the ocean

Explain this statement: “The greenhouse effect is a good thing, but global warming is too much of a good thing.”

The greenhouse effect is good because it keeps the earth from being too cold for life. Global warming is an enhancement of the greenhouse effect that causes the earth to get too warm.

What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide to other organisms?

they provide nitrogen to producers

Name the five invertebrate phylum with an organism for each.

Porifera and sponge, Mollusca and snail, Cnidaria and jellyfish, Annelid and earthworm, Platyhelminthes and flatworm

What do sponges eat and how do they get their food?

they eat algae by pumping water through their bodies and capturing the food from the water

What function does the cuticle perform in an earthworm?

it helps in respiration

What is the common mode of asexual production for organisms of phylum Cnidaria? What is the common mode of asexual production for those in phylum Platyhelminthes?

budding for Cnidaria, regeneration for Platyhelminthes

What are the common characteristics for phylum Arthropoda?

exoskeleton, body segmentation, jointed appendages, ventral nervous system, open circulatory system

Why do arthropods molt?

their growing bodies get too large for their exoskeletons

What are the five distinct characteristics of arachnids?

no antennae, four pairs of simple eyes, four pairs of walking legs, two segments in the body, book lungs

What are the four distinct characteristics of insects?

three pairs of walking (or jumping) legs, wings, three segments in the body, one pair of antennae

What are the stages of complete metamorphosis?

egg, larva, pupa, adult

What are the stages of incomplete metamorphosis?

egg, nymph, adult

What are the insect orders?

Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera