Neurotransmitters and Their Possible Roles in Alcohol Dependence

*These actions represent the primary effects of the various neurotransmitters; however, depending on the brain region and cell type studied, each transmitter also may have other effects.*

Dopamine

Conveys excitatory signals between neurons; acute alcohol ingestion enhances its effect.

Glutamate

Transmits excitatory signals between neurons; acute alcohol intake diminishes its excitatory impact.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Enzyme responsible for breaking down dopamine and serotonin; specific details unknown.

Norepinephrine (NE)

Transmits excitatory signals between neurons; acute alcohol consumption boosts its excitatory effect.

Peptides

Transmit excitatory signals between neurons; their production is globally reduced.

Serotonin

Conveys excitatory signals between neurons; acute alcohol intake enhances its effect, while chronic intake reduces it.