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anorexia (n) ( biếng ăn/ chán ăn)
Lack of appetite
ascites ( cổ trướng)
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
borborygmi (singular: borborygmus) ( nhu động ruột)
Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
constipation ( Táo bón)
Difficulty in passing stools ( feces)
Diarrhea ( tiêu chảy)
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools
Dysphasia ( khó nuốt)
Difficulty in swallowing
eructation ( ợ hơi)
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
Flatus ( hơi chứa trong ruột)
Gas expelled through the anus
hematochezia ( đi phân ra máu - đỏ tươi)
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
jaundice (icterus) ( vàng da)
Yellow- orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes cause by heigh levels of bilirubin on the blood ( hyperbilirubinemia)
melena ( phân đen)
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
nausea (buồn nôn)
unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
steatorrhea ( may occur with disease pancreatitis)
fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter
aphthous stomatitis ( viêm miệng)
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers.
Dental caries ( sâu răng)
Tooth decay
Dental plaque ( mảng bám nha khoa)
herpetic stomatitis ( viện miệng do vi khuẩn Hp)
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus
oral leukoplakia ( mảng trắng ở niêm mạc miệng)
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth (this precancerous can result from chronic tobacco use pipe smoking)
Periodontal disease ( bệnh nha chu)
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.
Achalasia
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax
esophageal cancer
malignant tumor of the esophagus. Most common symptom is dysphagia. Smoking and chronic alcohol use major risk factors.
esophageal varices ( giãn TM thực quản )
Swollen, Varicose veins at the lower and of the esophagus
gastric cancer
Malignant tumor of the stomach. Smoking, alcohol use, and chronic gastritis associated with bacterial infection are major risk factors for gastric carcinoma. Gastric endoscopy and biopsy diagnose the condition. Cure depends on early detection and surgical removal.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ( bệnh trào ngược dạ dày thực quản)
Solid and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach ( heartburn-ợ nóng)
Hernia ( thoát vị)
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissue and muscles normally containing it ( hiatal hernia - thoát vị hoành; inguinal hernia - thoát vị bẹn)
peptic ulcer ( loét dạ dày)
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
anal fistula ( lỗ rò hậu môn)
Abnormal tube - like passageway near the anus
Colonic polyps ( polyp đại tràng)
Polyps ( benign growth) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both
Crohn disease ( crohn's)
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tracts
( viêm đường ruột mãn tính ) inflammation bowel disease - IBD ( viêm ruột)
Diverticulosis
abnormal outpouchings - túi thừa (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon
dysentery ( bệnh lỵ)
Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacteria infection
Hemorrhoids ( bệnh trĩ )
Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region.
ileus ( tắc ruột)
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
Inflammation bowel disease - IBD
inflammation of the colon and small intestine
intussusception ( sự hấp thụ)
Telescoping of the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome - IBS ( HC kích thích đường ruột)
Group of GI symptoms ( abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without abnormalities in the intestines
ulcerative colitis - UC ( viêm đại tràng)
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
volvulus ( xoắn ruột)
Twisting of the intestines on itself
cholelithiasis ( sỏi túi mật)
Gallstones in the gallbladder
Cirrhosis ( xơ gan)
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
pancreatic cancer
a life-threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas. Malignant tumor of the pancreas
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
viral hepatitis ( viêm gan virus)
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus