PSYC_2320_Abnormal_Psychology_Chapter_1_

Flashcards about Psychological Disorders

What are the four characteristics used to identify psychological disorders?

Distress, Dysfunction, Deviance, Danger

What are some important factors in understanding psychological disorders?

Context, Culture, Socioeconomic status, Genetic predisposition

Culture

Shared behavior patterns and lifestyles that differentiate one group from another

Culture-bound syndromes

Abnormal behaviors specific to a particular location or group

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Family income and educational achievement

Prevalence

The proportion of people who have been diagnosed with a psychological disorder

Developmental trajectory

Common symptoms of a disorder vary according to a person’s age

Trephination

Method used to create a hole in the skull to release evil spirits

Hippocrates

First to identify hallucinations, delusions, melancholia, and mania

Emotional contagion

Sharing and transferring moods among members of a group

Moral treatment

Use of respect, kindness, religion, and vocation

Franz Anton Mesmer

Illustrated placebo effect

Psychoanalysis- Sigmund Freud

Importance of the unconscious, mind consists of the id, ego, and superego, defense mechanisms, free association/transference

Ivan Pavlov

Classical conditioning

B. F. Skinner

Operant conditioning- Primary and secondary reinforcements- Shaping

Scientist-practitioner model

When providing treatment, psychologists rely on research findings

The biological perspective

Assumes that psychological disorders result from biological processes of the body, particularly the brain

Behavioral genetics

Explores the role of genes and environment in the transmission of behavioral traits

The humanistic perspective

One’s subjective perception of the world is more important than the actual world, people are good and motivated to self-actualize

The behavioral perspective

Behavior is a product of an individual’s learning history, dysfunction results from maladaptive learning

The cognitive perspective

Psychological disorders result from distorted cognitive (mental) processes

The cognitive behavioral perspective

Focuses on the reciprocal relationships between our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Sociocultural Perspectives

Psychological disorders must be understood within the context of social and cultural factors

Diathesis-stress model

Psychological disorders start with a genetic predisposition for a disorder that is latent until a stressful event